A nation apologizes : Japanese apologies for World War II

Yamazaki, Jane Welton Wayne State University 2002 국내박사

(The) "Japanese model" in Korean economic development after 1953

Yamazaki, Makoto University Microfilms International 2014 국내박사

Nihon Buyo: Classical dance of modern Japan

Yamazaki, Kazuko Indiana University 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines, from ethnographic and historical perspectives, the pedagogical, aesthetic, and social significance of Nihon Buyo and its position in contemporary Japanese society. Nihon Buyo is a theatrical dance form performed in a classical style, commonly in kimono costume with the accompaniment of traditional samisen music. I begin with an ethnographic account of a private dance studio where students, predominantly middle-class Japanese women, take lessons. I continue with description of dancers, choreographers, and stage artists working toward the theatrical production of a new dance piece. The second half of the dissertation presents the history of Nihon Buyo and how it has become established as a genre. I conducted ethnographic research between 1996 and 1999 in Tokyo, where I observed lessons in studios and participated in a production as a member of the backstage crew. The bulk of my archival research was conducted at the Tsubouchi Memorial Theatre Museum of Waseda University, Tokyo. This study contributes to cultural anthropology, Japanese studies, and dance research in the following ways. First, it provides a firsthand description of Nihon Buyo practice and aesthetics based on my fieldwork and my experiences as a trained Nihon Buyo dancer and dance scholar. This is important, since Nihon Buyo has seldom been the subject of scholarly work. Second, Nihon Buyo dancers' training, pedagogical innovations, and the exploration of new bodily movement have important implications for understanding the nature of embodied knowledge. Third, the position of Nihon Buyo in Japan indicates the complexity of ideas about what is traditional and what is modern. For the majority of Japanese, Nihon Buyo is arcane, archaic, and has nothing to do with their contemporary life style. However, the history of Nihon Buyo reveals that, contrary to the common perception of Nihon Buyo as a traditional performing art, it is a creation of the twentieth century. Overall, the main theme of the dissertation concerns the question of how Nihon Buyo dancers have been struggling to establish their art form as a traditional one and, at the same time, as an innovative one that has relevance to contemporary society.

Team membership and attitudes toward organizational change: An investigation of attitudinal mediators

Yamazaki, Kenji Southern Illinois University at Carbondale 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In the face of intense global competition, rapid technological development, and customers' maturing expectations, it is crucial for companies to be able to adapt to these changes. The success of organizational adaptation to changes in the market is partly based on employees' favorable attitudes toward changes that the organization intends to make (e.g., Porras & Robertson, 1992). One of the business practices to enhance employees' attitudes toward organizational change is employee involvement in decision-making processes (e.g., participation in work teams such as cross-functional teams and quality circles). The present study empirically investigated the relation between team participation and employees' attitudes toward organizational change. Moreover, between these variables, five mediated relations were hypothesized. Participants (N = 747) responded to a survey that had been conducted in 1996 to assess employee's job attitudes after four years of implementing process and problem-solving teams (e.g., cross-functional teams) in an assembly plant in a midwest region. Results from structural equation modeling did not support the hypothesized five mediation relations. Particularly, team participation was not related to its direct attitudinal outcomes (i.e., business understanding, instrumental voice, freedom to express opinions). Furthermore, team participation was negatively related to satisfaction with information and input from employees, which was contradictory to hypotheses in the present study. The implications for an employee involvement approach to employees' attitudes in the organizational context, and suggestions for future research were discussed.

DNA damage responses in Nijmegen breakage syndrome: Cell cycle checkpoint responses and chromosomal repair deficiency after ionizing radiation

Yamazaki, Vikky Stanford University 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome (NBS) is a human genetic disorder, characterized by cancer-proneness and immunodeficiency. Cell lines established from these patients display extreme radiosensitivity and chromosomal instability. Recently it has been determined that this disease is caused by mutations in a single gene called NBS1. In these ways NBS is a unique model to study the relationship between DNA damage responses, chromosomal repair, and genomic instability and eventually to explain how defects in these mechanisms contribute to carcinogenesis. Chapter Two of this thesis investigates the DNA damage responses of primary NBS fibroblast cell lines to ionizing radiation. Ataxia Telangiectasia (AT) is another human recessive disorder. AT patients display ataxia, telangiectasia, cancer-proneness and immunodeficiency. AT is also caused by mutations in a single gene called ATM. AT and NBS cells are both extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation and display genomic instability and radioresistant DNA synthesis (RDS). Thus although AT and NBS are distinguishable genetically and clinically, they show many cellular similarities. Upon examination of cell cycle arrests after ionizing radiation by flow cytometry, NBS cells display normal G1 and G2 arrests. Other laboratories have observed aberrant G1 and G2 arrests for AT cells. Our results demonstrate the first cellular difference between NBS and AT. A cellular difference is more significant than similarities since it gives insight into their different protein functions and different pathways that <italic>ATM</italic> and <italic>NBS1</italic> are involved in. In Chapter Three the ability of primary NBS fibroblast cell lines to repair chromosomal breaks after ionizing radiation is examined by cytogenetic approaches. Our results demonstrate that NBS cells have a chromosome repair defect in G1 phase of the cell cycle. For NBS cells upon irradiation in G1, the increased events of lack of repair or misrepair occurring in G1 are duplicated in S phase. These events are then visualized as chromosomal breaks or chromosomal exchanges, respectively, in first metaphase. Although previous results have indicated <italic>NBS1</italic>'s involvement in repair, our results are the first to clearly demonstrate <italic>NBS1</italic>'s involvement in chromosomal repair.

The synchronization of rhythmicity in first-time mothers and their family members

Yamazaki, Akemi University of California, San Francisco 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Prior research on sleep-wake patterns during transition to parenthood has focused on the mothers, or mother-baby dyads. However, little is known about fathers and their transition to parenthood. This study focused on the 24-hour rhythms of 101 Japanese couples at 32–36 weeks gestation and 4–5 weeks after birth. Repeated measures analysis of variance and time series methods were used to test for postpartum changes in sleep and rhythm for mothers and fathers having their first child. The strength of the sleep-wake rhythm over a 7-day period significantly decreased over time and was not different by gender. Chronotype shifted significantly from morning type toward more evening type; mothers were more morning chronotype than fathers at both time points. Mothers became less consistent in their social rhythms, whereas fathers became more consistent in their rhythms. After sleeping arrangement was controlled, changes in wake-sleep rhythm strength and chronotype did not appear. The interaction of gender and sleeping arrangement had a statistically significant effect on wake-sleep rhythm strength. If the father's sleep-wake rhythm strength was higher than mother at third trimester, the couple was more likely to sleep together with baby after birth; if his rhythm strength was lower than mother's, only the mother slept with baby, and the father slept elsewhere. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to examine how much variance in mother's sleep-wake rhythm strength at 4–5 weeks after birth could be explained by family synchronizers as predictor variables after other mother-related variables were controlled. As a result, 25% of the variance in mother's sleep-wake rhythm strength at 4–5 weeks after birth was explained by three predictor variables: income, mother's chronotype at third trimester, and consistency of father's postpartum social rhythm. The results from this study challenge health care providers to focus on how they can help childbearing couples who are experiencing irregular daily patterns. Future research should be aimed at how the mother's rhythm strength and father's daily social rhythm affects maternal-infant attachment and coping with her new maternal role.

The "Japanese model" in Korean economic development after 1953

Yamazaki, Makoto Duke University 1984 해외박사

A nation apologizes: Japanese apologies for World War II

Yamazaki, Jane Welton Wayne State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study examines the phenomenon of national apology for historical wrongdoing from a rhetorical perspective. The study draws on speech act theory and sociological studies as well as rhetorical theory to focus on apology as a particular strategy of apologia. Focusing on a number of Japanese government apologies from 1985–1995, the study investigates the nature of national apology. How does national apology differ from other types of apologia and apology? What is the motive of apology—why do nations decide to apologize for some long ago wrongdoing? How does apology develop over time?. Findings include three motives for national apologies for historical wrongdoing: (1) restoration of relationship; (2) self-reflection and learning from history; and (3) affirmation of moral principle leading to reinstatement in the larger community. These motives roughly correspond to different audiences; that is, (1) apologies to specific nation-states like Korea; (2) domestic political dialogue; and (3) international community. National historical apologies are differentiated from ‘crisis’ apologies. The study also considers what it takes to make a successful apology and why Japanese apologies have not been accepted as “full apologies.” In contrast to many rhetorical studies, the study considers apology and indeed all apologia as dilemmatic, requiring both performance and political dimensions. The methodology used combines rhetorical close reading with speech act analysis and sociological constructs. Thesis includes an appendix on translation issues with a glossary plus an appendix of selected Japanese apology documents.

Ventricular dyskinesis induced loss of contractile function and epicardial inflammation: Role of cellular adhesion molecules

Yamazaki, Katrina Go University of California, San Diego 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Ventricular dyssynchrony as induced by epicardial ventricular pacing has been the subject of investigations for many years. It has been shown that dyssynchrony is characterized by regions of wall thinning and hypertrophy and is detrimental to left ventricular (LV) function. The mechanisms that trigger these changes are unknown. Therefore, I hypothesize that dyskinesis, secondary to LV pacing, triggers local inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. To gain further mechanistic insight, I wish to determine two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional changes in myocardial function and inflammation induced by myocardial dyskinesis. I also want to determine if inflammatory responses induced by dyskinesis are mediated by a vascular event via cellular adhesion molecules (CAM). A canine model was used to determine regional and transmural differences in LV contractile function and inflammatory responses associated with local early contraction. Results investigating regional differences in LV contractile function demonstrate that local dyskinesis creates regions of early shortening at the pace site, as well as in areas immediately surrounding the pace site. Evaluation of inflammatory responses showed increases in neutrophil infiltration and in MMP-9 in regions undergoing early shortening. Results investigating the transmural differences in LV function indicate that 4 h of LV pacing results in a 30% local loss of endocardial wall thickening (p<0.01). Transmural assessment of neutrophil infiltration showed a significant 5 fold increase in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the epicardium vs midwall/endocardium. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity increased ∼2 fold in the epicardium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation ∼2.5 fold. In a mouse model, results showed a significant 3 fold increase in MPO, 2 fold increase in ROS, and 3 fold increase in MMP-9 activity in dyskinetic hearts vs controls. In canine subjects anesthetized with propofol, a known cardioprotectant, and ICAM-1 or p-selectin null mice, dyskinesis failed to increase neutrophil infiltration or MMP-9 activity in early activated dyskinetic LV. Early activated dyskinetic regions demonstrate depressed endocardial contractile function, and epicardial inflammation. The upregulation of CAM appears necessary to trigger these inflammatory responses, thus suggesting inflammation is induced by vascular events. Over the long-term, these events may contribute to adverse changes in LV structure/function.