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Zhao, Longyu,Ryan, Stephen M.,Lin, Sen,Xue, Ju,Ha, Seunghyun,Igusa, Takeru,Sharp, Keith W.,Guest, James K.,Hemker, Kevin J.,Weihs, Timothy P. Elsevier 2017 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER - Vol.108 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The fluidic and heat transfer capabilities of 3D woven lattice materials were reported recently under axial and bifurcated flow patterns, but three critical performance indices – pressure drop, average surface temperature and temperature uniformity – could not be optimized simultaneously using these flow patterns. Here we combine the 3D weaves with manifolds to create a novel 3D flow pattern that enhances temperature uniformity, while also maintaining low pressure drops and surface temperatures. These three properties were characterized at room temperature for a range of flow rates using water as the working fluid. Three different weaves thicknesses were investigated: 12.7mm, 6.4mm, and 3.2mm, with manifold thicknesses of 12.7mm, 19.0mm, and 22.2mm, respectively, to provide a constant, combined weave-manifold thickness of 25.4mm. The properties of this new weave/manifold system are compared to those obtained using just the manifold (with no weave) and just the weave (with no manifold). Comparisons show that the addition of the weave lowers the average substrate temperature and temperature variations significantly, although pressure drop is increased. They also show that the addition of the manifold improves temperature uniformity significantly, and also lowers the average substrate temperature and the pressure drop. No specific ratio of weave to manifold thickness was found to be superior in all of the performance indices. The thermal performances are then evaluated at different pumping powers: the weave/manifold system and its distributed array flow pattern prevail. Finite element simulations were performed on a reduced and simplified model to explain the observed experimental trends, and manifold opening patterns were manipulated to demonstrate further potential property enhancements. The multiple benefits of this manifold system can be extended to common heat exchanger media beyond weaves.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Propose and design novel flow manifold that is combined with 3D woven lattices. </LI> <LI> Characterization of pressure drop, average temperature and temperature uniformity. </LI> <LI> Much superior thermal performance with 3D woven lattices than open spaces. </LI> <LI> Comparison of the new distributive flow pattern with axial and bifurcated flow cases. </LI> <LI> Trends between experiments and simulations are in good agreement. </LI> </UL> </P>
Genetic Variations in TERT-CLPTM1L Genes and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population
Zhao, Meng-Meng,Zhang, Yue,Shen, Li,Ren, Yang-Wu,Li, Xue-Lian,Yin, Zhi-Hua,Zhou, Bao-Sen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6
Background: This study was conducted to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate transmembrane1-like (CLPTM1L) and lung cancer risk in a Chinese population. Methods: We performed a hospital-based case-control study, including 980 lung cancer cases and 1000 cancer-free controls matched for age and sex. Each case and control was interviewed to collect information by well-trained interviewers. A total of 5 ml of venous blood was collected for genotype testing of TERT rs2736098 and CLPTM1L rs401681 using TaqMan methodology. Results: The results revealed that the variant homozygote TERT rs2736098TT was associated with an increased risk of lung cancer (OR=2.017, 95%CI=1.518-2.681), especially lung adenocarcinoma (OR=2.117, 95%CI=1.557-3.043) and small cell carcinoma (OR=1.979, 95%CI: 1.174-3.334), compared with the TERT rs2736098CC genotype. Similar results were observed in non-smokers. Conclusion: The TERT rs2736098 polymorphism might affect the susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese populations. The associations need to be verified in larger and different populations.
Polymorphisms of TERT and CLPTM1L and the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Chinese Males
Su, Ling-Yan,Li, Xue-Lian,Shen, Li,Zhang, Yue,Zhao, Meng-Meng,Yin, Zhi-Hua,Su, Hong-Ying,Zhou, Bao-Sen Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19
Background: Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and cleft lip and palate trans-membrane 1 like (CLPTM1L) genes located on chromosome 5p15.33 are known to influence the susceptibility to various cancers. Here, we examined the association of TERT and CLPTM1L single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and Methods: Genotyping of TERT SNP rs2736098 and CLPTM1L SNP rs401681 was performed using TaqMan allelic discrimination assays in a case-control study of 201 HCC cases and 210 controls in a Chinese male population. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Results: Both the rs2736098 T allele of TERT and the rs401681 T allele of CLPTM1L were associated with a significantly increased risk of HCC (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=1.605, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.164-2.213; adjusted OR=1.399, 95%CI=1.002-1.955, respectively). Individuals carrying both TERT and CLPTM1L risk genotypes had an even higher risk of HCC (adjusted OR=4.420, 95%CI= 2.319-8.425). The TERT rs2736098 T allele was also significantly associated with the level of the HCC clinical indicator alpha-fetoprotein (P=0.026). Conclusions: Our results show that genetic variants of TERT and CLPTM1L may contribute to HCC susceptibility in Chinese males.
Polymer Nanostructured Components Machined Directly by the Atomic Force Microscopy Scratching Method
Yong Da Yan,Da Wei Gao,Zhen Jiang Hu,Xue Sen Zhao,Jiu Chun Yan 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.
This study aims to machine complex three dimensional nano-structures on polymer surfaces directly using the Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based nano-mechanical processing method. Processing parameters including the normal load, the feed rate, the machining speed and the scanning direction are optimized by the Taguchi method. Their effects on the machined depth and the surface roughness of the machined structures are analyzed. Meanwhile, the AFM PZT tube is controlled to achieve the tip’s three-dimensional motions in space. Using the optimized processing parameters, three-dimensional nanostructures on the surface of PMMA are directly fabricated. It is a novel low-cost manufacturing method for machining complex three-dimensional nano-structures or nano parts on polymer surfaces directly.