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Bowen Zhou,Guangqiang Li,Xiangliang Wan,Yu Li,Kaiming Wu 대한금속·재료학회 2016 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.22 No.2
The effect of Zr-Ti combined deoxidation on the grain refinement in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of a high-strength low-alloy steel was investigated by means of analytical characterization techniques such as in-situ microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron backscattered diffraction analysis. Owing to the Zr-Ti combined deoxidation, a large amount of fine Zr-Ti oxide particles were formed in the steel and retarded the austenite grain growth during simulated welding thermal cycle. The austenite grains were small and uniform. The Mn can diffuse spontaneously from austenite to Zr-Ti oxide inclusion and MnS precipitated on ZrO2, which can form Mn depleted zone in the vicinity of inclusion. The acicular ferrite grains nucleated on intragranular Zr-Ti oxide inclusions in austenite grains grew in different directions and effectively divided the austenite grain into several finer and separate regions at intermediate temperature. The crystallographic grain size became small in the simulated coarse-grained heat-affected zone of Zr-Ti-killed steel due to the effective pinning effect by Zr-Ti oxide particles and acicular ferrite formation.
In‑Situ Observation of Martensitic Transformation in a Fe–C–Mn–Si Bainitic Steel During Austempering
Junyu Tian,Guang Xu,Zhengyi Jiang,Haijiang Hu,Qing Yuan,Xiangliang Wan 대한금속·재료학회 2020 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.26 No.7
The martensitic transformation in a Fe–C–Mn–Si bainitic steel was examined by in situ high-temperature laser scanningconfocal microscopy (LSCM) and dilatometry. The phenomenon of continuous martensitic transformation during austemperingwas firstly dynamically observed by LSCM. Differing from the commonly accepted viewpoint on martensite formationin bainitic steels, the martensitic transformation in the conventional medium-carbon bainitic steel was not instantaneous andproceeded gradually when the sample was austempered below martensite starting temperature (MS). It can be attributed tothe generation of internal stresses, thermal activation, stimulating nucleation, and the segregation of Mn. In addition, apartfrom the continuous martensitic transformation, the bainitic transformation was also directly observed by LSCM duringaustempering below MS. Moreover, it was clear from the results of dilatation during austempering that the inflection point inthe dilatation curve against time was not the demarcation point between martensitic and bainitic transformation, and in situobservations confirmed that martensite was still formed after the inflection point. Therefore, the obtained results could be anexcellent reference to further understand the mechanism of bainitic and martensitic transformations in Fe–C–Mn–Si bainiticsteel during austempering below MS.