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Park, Wonseo,Yoo, Jayeon,Oh, Sangnam,Ham, Jun-sang,Jeong, Seok-geun,Kim, Younghoon Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Gouda cheese, one of most popular cheeses in the Korea, has been produced from only pasteurized milk in Korean dairy farms. Recently, it has become legally possible to produce ripened cheese manufactured with raw milk in Korea. In the present study, we investigated the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of Gouda cheese manufactured with raw (R-GC) or pasteurized milk (P-GC) during manufacturing and ripening. Particularly, this study characterized the bacterial community structure of two cheese types, which are produced without pasteurization during ripening based on next generation sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. During ripening, protein and fat content increased slightly, whereas moisture content decreased in both P-GC and R-GC. At the 6 wk of ripening, R-GC became softer and smoother and hence, the values of hardness and gumminess, chewiness in R-GC was lower than that of P-GC. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the bacterial genera used a starter cultures, namely Lactococcus and Leuconostoc were predominant in both P-GC and R-GC. Moreover, in R-GC, the proportion of coliform bacteria such as Escherichia, Leclercia, Raoultella, and Pseudomonas were detected initially but not during ripening. Taken together, our finding indicates the potential of manufacturing with Gouda cheese from raw milk and the benefits of next generation sequencing for microbial community composition during cheese ripening.
Lee, Wonseo,Nam, Jaekwang,Jang, Bongjun,Jang, Gunhee Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol.64 No.2
<P>A novel crawling magnetic robot system manipulated by a magnetic navigation system is proposed for wireless self-expandable stent delivery in narrowed tubular environments. The crawling magnetic robot is composed of a crawling module to generate crawling motion for navigation in a tubular environment, and a magnetic pulleymodule to generate drillingmotion to unclog the blocked region and uncovering motion of a stent cover for the self-expandable stent deployment. The magnetic navigation system composed of three orthogonal pairs of electromagnetic coils can generate three dimensional external magnetic field by controlling the applied current. We also proposed selective motion control methods and design processes with fabrication. Finally, we prototyped the proposed crawling magnetic robot and conducted several experiments to show the validity of the proposed crawling magnetic robot and its manipulation methods.</P>
Lee, Wonseo,Nam, Jaekwang,Kim, Jongyul,Jung, Eunsoo,Jang, Gunhee Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol.65 No.2
<P>We propose an untethered flexible-legged magnetic robot (FLMR) manipulated by an external rotating magnetic field (ERMF) to generate effective locomotion and precise unclogging motion to treat vascular diseases. The proposed FLMR is composed of a front body with a drill tip, a cylindrical permanent magnet, a rear body, and flexible legs. The flexible legs are obliquely attached to the bodies like blades of a propeller, so that the FLMR can generate propulsive force in a fluidic environment for locomotion and unclogging motions. To provide manipulation guidelines for locomotion and unclogging motions, we developed a dynamic model of propulsive force, axial force, and friction force, and we established a control method of propulsive force according to the rotating frequency of the ERMF and the diameter of the tube, based on the proposed dynamic model. Finally, we prototyped the FLMR and conducted several experiments to verify its navigation performances and the control method of the propulsive force. Also, we conducted an <I>in vitro</I> experiment with a pseudo blood clot to demonstrate the validity of the locomotion and unclogging motions of the FLMR.</P>
Nam, Jaekwang,Lee, Wonseo,Jung, Eunsoo,Jang, Gunhee Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2018 IEEE transactions on industrial electronics Vol.65 No.7
<P>We propose a novel closed-circuit magnetic navigation system (CMNS), which utilizes eight electromagnets connected by back yokes to maximize a magnetic field. We first show the effectiveness of a closed magnetic circuit (CMC) and conduct a parametric analysis to design a single CMC, which is utilized to construct the whole CMNS. A magnetic field mapping method is also developed utilizing the finite-element method and polynomial regression to evaluate and control the magnetic field over almost the whole workspace in real time. We investigated how the magnetic field changed based on the shape of core tips by comparing the isotropic magnetic field control authority, which is the ability to generate an equal magnetic field over the workspace regardless of the position and direction of the magnetic field. We experimentally verified the mathematical assumption that the magnetic field generated from the proposed CMNS can be linearly proportional to the applied current and that the magnetic field of the proposed CMNS can be expressed as a superposition of the magnetic fields generated by each electromagnet. Finally, we verified the effectiveness of the developed CMNS by performing experiments related to steering a commercial magnetic catheter.</P>
Magnetic Helical Robot for Targeted Drug-Delivery in Tubular Environments
Nam, Jaekwang,Lee, Wonseo,Kim, Jongyul,Jang, Gunhee IEEE 2017 IEEE/ASME transactions on mechatronics Vol.22 No.6
<P>We propose a novel magnetic helical robot (HR) that can helically navigate, release a drug to a target area, and generate a mechanical drilling motion to unclog tubular structures of the human body. The proposed HR is composed of two rotating cylindrical magnets (RMs), four fixed cylindrical magnets (FMs), and a helical body. The RMs can be rotated in different directions under two orthogonal external rotating magnetic fields (ERMF). Utilizing these ERMFs, we can generate various motions. The ERMF along the axis of the RMs can generate the drug-release motion, while the ERMF orthogonal to the axis of the RMs can generate navigating and drilling motions. On the other hand, the magnetic torque and the attractive magnetic force between RMs and FMs tightly seal the nozzles in the drug chamber. We analyze these magnetic torque and force of the magnets for the navigating, drug-release, and drilling motion. Especially, the drug-release motion utilizes an eccentric rotational motion of the RMs due to the attractive and repulsive magnetic force between RMs and FMs. This motion squeezes and discharges the drug through a nozzle. We designed the mechanical structure of the proposed HR considering the magnetic properties to achieve the proposed functions. Finally, we prototyped the HR and conducted several experiments to verify the navigating, drug-delivery and drilling capabilities of the HR. We also confirmed that drug-enhanced drilling could unclog the clogged area more effectively than the simple drilling motion.</P>