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Cystic Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case of Undergoing Endoscopic Thyroid Lobectomy
Dong Hae Chung,Jae Yeon Seok,Yoo Seung Chung1,Eun Mee Oh1,Jung Won Ryu1,Young Don Lee1 대한갑상선-내분비외과학회 2015 The Koreran journal of Endocrine Surgery Vol.15 No.1
On ultrasonography, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) shows hypoechogenicity, an irregular margin, a predominantly solid composition, and microcalcifications, similar to those observed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). MTC presenting as a cystic lesion is rare, and endoscopic thyroidectomy can be performed for benign thyroid masses and early stage PTC, however it is inappropriate for MTC regardless of cystic change. The authors report a case of cystic MTC found after endoscopic thyroid lobectomy and provide a review of the literature on this topic.
Lee, Jae Won,Choi, Yu Ri,Mok, Hyuck Jun,Seong, Hyun-A,Lee, Dae Young,Kim, Geum-Soog,Yoon, Ji Hye,Kim, Kwang Pyo,Kim, Hyung Don Elsevier 2017 Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technolog Vol.1065 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry to assess the levels of eicosanoids from RAW264.7 macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3). The production of nitric oxide (NO) and the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were increased in inflammatory macrophages treated with LPS. Rg3 treatment, however, decreased the levels of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in activated macrophages. Eicosanoids, known as major metabolites correlated with inflammation, have pro- or anti-inflammatory activities. For a detailed characterization of the eicosanoids altered by treatment with LPS and Rg3, the eicosanoids were profiled by multiple reaction monitoring. A total of 69 macrophage eicosanoids were analyzed and the profiling dataset was statistically analyzed. Principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses differentiated control cells from cells treated with LPS, Rg3, or LPS+Rg3 for 12 or 24h. Furthermore, 18 differentially regulated eicosanoids were found between macrophages treated with LPS for 24h and those treated with LPS+Rg3 for 24h (fold change>2, <I>p</I> value<0.05). These results indicate that Rg3 alters eicosanoid metabolism in activated macrophages treated with LPS. Furthermore, we also identified several eicosanoids correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> UPLC–MS/MS was used to assess the levels of various eicosanoids in the activated macrophages treated with Rg3. </LI> <LI> A total of 69 eicosanoids were analyzed in activated macrophages treated with LPS. </LI> <LI> We identified 18 eicosanoids correlated with the anti-inflammatory activity of Rg3. </LI> <LI> Rg3-dependent regulation of eicosanoids are important to elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rg3. </LI> </UL> </P>
Lee, Su Ui,Kim, Mun-Ock,Kang, Myung-Ji,Oh, Eun Sol,Ro, Hyunju,Lee, Ro Woon,Song, Yu Na,Jung, Sunin,Lee, Jae-Won,Lee, Soo Yun,Bae, Taeyeol,Hong, Sung-Tae,Kim, Tae-Don Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2021 Molecules and cells Vol.44 No.1
Airway mucus secretion is an essential innate immune response for host protection. However, overproduction and hypersecretion of mucus, mainly composed of the gel-forming MUC5AC protein, are significant risk factors for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway negatively regulates MUC5AC expression; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we showed that TGFβ significantly reduces the expression of MUC5AC mRNA and its protein in NCI-H292 cells, a human mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line. This reduced MUC5AC expression was restored by a TGFβ receptor inhibitor (SB431542), but not by the inhibition of NF-κB (BAY11-7082 or Triptolide) or PI3K (LY294002) activities. TGFβ-activated Smad3 dose-dependently bound to MUC5AC promoter. Notably, TGFβ-activated Smad3 recruited HDAC2 and facilitated nuclear translocation of HDAC2, thereby inducing the deacetylation of NF-κB at K310, which is essential for a reduction in NF-κB transcriptional activity. Both TGFβ-induced nuclear translocation of Smad3/HDAC2 and deacetylation of NF-κB at K310 were suppressed by a Smad3 inhibitor (SIS3). These results suggest that the TGFβ-activated Smad3/HDAC2 complex is an essential negative regulator for MUC5AC expression and an epigenetic regulator for NF-κB acetylation. Therefore, these results collectively suggest that modulation of the TGFβ1/Smad3/HDAC2/NF-κB pathway axis can be a promising way to improve lung function as a treatment strategy for asthma and COPD.
In silico approach to calculate the transcript capacity
Lee, Young-Sup,Won, Kyung-Hye,Oh, Jae-Don,Shin, Donghyun Korea Genome Organization 2019 Genomics & informatics Vol.17 No.3
We sought the novel concept, transcript capacity (TC) and analyzed TC. Our approach to estimate TC was through an in silico method. TC refers to the capacity that a transcript exerts in a cell as enzyme or protein function after translation. We used the genome-wide association study (GWAS) beta effect and transcription level in RNA-sequencing to estimate TC. The trait was body fat percent and the transcript reads were obtained from the human protein atlas. The assumption was that the GWAS beta effect is the gene's effect and TC was related to the corresponding gene effect and transcript reads. Further, we surveyed gene ontology (GO) in the highest TC and the lowest TC genes. The most frequent GOs with the highest TC were neuronal-related and cell projection organization related. The most frequent GOs with the lowest TC were wound-healing related and embryo development related. We expect that our analysis contributes to estimating TC in the diverse species and playing a benevolent role to the new bioinformatic analysis.
Lee, Je-Hwan,Joo, Young-Don,Kim, Hawk,Bae, Sung Hwa,Kim, Min Kyoung,Zang, Dae Young,Lee, Jung-Lim,Lee, Gyeong Won,Lee, Jung-Hee,Park, Jae-Hoo,Kim, Dae-Young,Lee, Won-Sik,Ryoo, Hun Mo,Hyun, Myung Soo,K American Society of Hematology 2011 Blood Vol.118 No.14
<B>Abstract</B><P>We conducted a phase 3 randomized trial comparing 2 different doses of daunorubicin as induction chemotherapy in young adults (60 years of age or younger) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Of 383 patients who were analyzed, 189 received standard-dose daunorubicin (SD-DN, 45 mg/m2 per day times 3 days) and 194 received high-dose daunorubicin (HD-DN, 90 mg/m2 per day times 3 days) in addition to cytarabine (200 mg/m2 per day times 7 days) to induce complete remission (CR). The CR rates were 72.0% in the SD-DN arm and 82.5% in the HD-DN arm (P = .014). At a median follow-up of 52.6 months, overall (OS) and event-free (EFS) survival were higher in the HD-DN arm than in the SD-DN arm (OS, 46.8% vs 34.6%, P = .030; EFS, 40.8% vs 28.4%, P = .030). Differences in CR rate and both OS and EFS remained significant after adjusting for other variables (CR, hazard ratio [HR], 1.802, P = .024; OS, HR, 0.739, P = .032; EFS, HR, 0.774, P = .048). The survival benefits of HD-DN therapy were evident principally in patients with intermediate-risk cytogenetic features. The toxicity profiles were similar in the 2 arms. In conclusion, HD-DN improved both the CR rate and survival duration compared with SD-DN in young adults with AML. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00474006.</P>
Lee, Juyul,Kim, Kyung-Won,Kim, Myung-Don,Park, Jae-Joon,Yoon, Young Keun,Chong, Young Jun Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.1
Assuming omnidirectional antenna reception, the ITU-R recently developed a new propagation model on building entry loss (BEL) for 5G millimeter-wave frequency sharing and compatibility studies, which is a simplified outdoor-to-indoor path loss model. Considering the utilization of high-gain narrow-beamwidth beamforming, the omnidirectional-based ITU-R BEL model may not be appropriate to predict propagation characteristics for directional beamforming scenarios. This paper studies the effects of beamwidth on the ITU-R BEL model. This study is based on field measurements collected with four different beamwidth antennas: omnidirectional, 10° horn, 30° horn, and 60° horn. The measurement campaigns were conducted at two types of building sites: traditional and thermally efficient buildings. These sites, as well as the measurement scenarios, were carefully chosen to comply with the ITU-R BEL measurement guidelines and the ITU-R building types. We observed the importance of accurate beam alignment from the BEL variation range. We were able to quantify the beamwidth dependency by fitting to a model that is inversely proportional to the beamwidth.
Moral Hazard on Loss Reduction in Group Captive Insurance Company: A Simple Case
Lee, Won-Don 대구대학교 사회과학연구소 2000 社會科學硏究 Vol.8 No.2
This paper looks at a group captive insurance company, which is an insurance company fully owned by those it insures. If insured individuals take less care than those who are uninsured, a problem known as moral hazard arises. Since members of the group captive insurance company are both owners and customers of the company, they are on both sides of the moral hazard. That is, they both suffer when others do not take care and they have incentives not to fully take care themselves. This is the so-called double moral hazard. Two types of moral hazard can be categorized according to the nature of loss control activities: loss prevention(self-protection) and loss reduction(self-insurance). The former is related to efforts to decrease the probability of a potential loss and the latter is to reduce the size, or severity, of a potential loss. This paper examines moral hazard on loss reduction activities in the group captive insurance company setting.
Lee, Seung-Hyun,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Jung, Kwang-Don,Lee, Jung-Hee,Kim, Sang-Choin,Kim, Jeong-Eun,Hong, Seong-Jin,Jang, Won-Jong,Park, Kyung-Hee The Korean Society for Microbiology 2002 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.32 No.2
Eight Borrelia burgdorferi strains, which had been isolated from Ixodes nipponensis and Apodemus agrarius captured in the Chungju area of Korea, were characterized by ospC gene sequence analysis. Nucleotide sequence similarity among the Chungju strains ranged from 83.6 to 100%. Deduced amino acid sequence similarity of the Chungju strains ranged from 75.4 to 100%. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the Chungju strains were separated from B. burgdorferi and B. garinii reference strains, and formed a cluster with B. afzelii reference strains. Three (KK2, KM4, and KK5), two (CJ2 and CJ21), and one (CJ3) Chungju strains formed clusters with OspC serotype 5, OspC serotype 8, and OspC serotype 7 reference strains, respectively. However, two Chungju strains (KK1 and KM10) formed a distinctive cluster that was separated from other strains of B. afzelii reference strains. These results suggest that Chungju strains are very heterogeneous in clonality.