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Mass fraction assignment of folic acid in a high purity material
Westwood, Steven,Josephs, Ralf,Choteau, Tiphaine,Daireaux, Adeline,Stoppacher, Norbert,Wielgosz, Robert,Davies, Stephen,Rego, Eliane de,Wollinger, Wagner,Garrido, Bruno,Fernandes, Jane,Lima, Jonathan BUREAU INTERNATIONAL DES POIDS ET MESURES 2018 METROLOGIA -BERLIN- Vol.55 No.1
Kurarinol, tyrosinase inhibitor isolated from the root of Sophora flavescens
Ryu, Y.B.,Westwood, I.M.,Kang, N.S.,Kim, H.Y.,Kim, J.H.,Moon, Y.H.,Park, K.H. G. Fischer 2008 Phytomedicine Vol.15 No.8
It is well known that flavanones, sophoraflavanone G 1, kurarinone 2, and kurarinol 3, from the root of Sophora flavescens, have extremely strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity. This study delineates the principal pharmacological features of kurarinol 3 that lead to inhibition of the oxidation of l-tyrosine to melanin by mushroom tyrosinase (IC<SUB>50</SUB> of 100nM). The inhibition kinetics analyses unveil that compounds 1 and 2 are noncompetitive inhibitors. However similar analysis shows kurarinol 3 to be a competitive inhibitor. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited potent antibacterial activity with 10μg/disk against Gram-positive bacteria, whereas kurarinol 3 did not ostend any antibacterial activity. Interestingly, kurarinol 3 inhibits production of melanin in S. bikiniensis without affecting the growth of microorganism. It is thus distinctly different from the other tyrosinase inhibitors 1 and 2. In addition, kurarinol 3 manifests relatively low cytotoxic activity (EC<SUB>50</SUB>>30μM) compared to 1 and 2. To account for these observations, we conducted molecular modeling studies. These suggested that the lavandulyl group within 3 is instrumental in the interaction with the enzyme. More specifically, the terminal hydroxy function within the lavandulyl group is most important for optimal binding.