원상도(元上都)의 조사와 건축유적의 고고학 연구

Wei Jian 국립문화재연구원 2012 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.45 No.3

The Shàngdu site in the Yuan Dynasty of China, a capital city located in the northern steppe area characterised by the nomadic life, has received great attentions from a number of travellers, historians and archaeologists. Several famous European travellers described vividly the city structure and civil life of Shàngdu from the Yuan Dynasty onwards. Since the begging of the modern era, a number of foreign expeditionists and historians explored Shàngdu and published research reports. From the 20th century, mainly Chinese and Japanese historians and archaeologists carried out the relatively detailed historical researches and archaeological surveys to the Shàngdu site; and published books, articles and excavation reports. More detailed and scientific archaeological investigations, mappings and excavations have been conducted since 1990s. This paper aims to progress basic discussion to the city structures of the Shàngdu site based on the previously conducted researches by expeditionists, geographers and archaeologists and the full scale investigations, which have been carried out since the late 20th century. 원(元) 상도(上都) 유적은 유목생활의 특색을 지닌 초원의 도성(都城)으로 역대로 많은 여행가와 역사학자, 고고학자들의 주 목을 받아왔다. 원조(元朝)부터 몇몇 유럽의 저명한 여행가들은 원 상도를 생동감 있게 묘사하였고, 근대에는 수많은 외국 여행 가와 역사학자들이 원 상도를 현지답사하고 여행기와 연구보고서를 발표하였다. 20세기에 들어와서는 주로 중국, 일본의 역사 학자와 고고학자들이 원 상도에 대해 비교적 전면적인 역사 고증과 고고학 조사를 진행하였고 아울러 논저와 고고학 조사보고 서를 발표하였다. 1990년대에 들어와서 보다 더 전면적이고 과학적인 고고학 조사와 실측 및 발굴 작업이 진행되었다. 본문은 상술한 여행가, 지리학자, 고고학자들의 원상도에 대한 조사와 기록을 회고하면서 20세기 말에 이루어진 원상도의 조사와 발 굴 자료를 통해 원상도의 건축유적에 대한 기초적인 토론을 진행하고자 한다.

Second-Order Power Analysis Attacks against Precomputation based Masking Countermeasure

Weijian Li,Haibo Yi 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.3

Precomputation look-up table based masking countermeasure is low-cost and secure against first-order DPA, therefore is more suitable for lightweight ciphers in resourceconstrained devices. In this paper, we investigate the resistance of this masking countermeasure against second-order power analysis attack under the attack context of the Hamming weight leakage and the precomputation masked S-box. We improve the Adapted CPA technique [1] to make a better use of this attack context. Our attack successfully reveals the secret key with and without electronic noise and algorithmic noise. The number of power traces required to reveal the secret key rises from 600(unprotected implementation) to 16,000.

NUMERICAL PROJECTION ON OCCUPANT THERMAL COMFORT VIA DYNAMIC RESPONSES TO HUMAN THERMOREGULATION

Weijian Li,Jiqing Chen,Fengchong Lan,Xijiao Zheng,Wenbo Zeng 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.1

With the different physiological properties and thermal conditions, different body parts of passengers have inconsistent thermal sensations and thermal requirements in a highly non-uniform and transient vehicle cabin thermal environment. Determining the thermal comfort requirements for different body parts of a passenger is essential for effectively supplying warm air to the right human part especially for electric vehicles with energy-saving attributes. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model that integrates human thermal regulation mechanism and dynamic environmental characteristics is established to calculate the thermal comfort for passengers via thermal responses to a dynamic environment. The numerical computation sets up such a model structure, firstly considering human thermal regulation functions into the thermal response to the in-cabin dynamic thermal distributions, then combining Berkeley thermal comfort model to identify the thermal comfort level at different body parts, that would implement total numerical simulations to get thermal comfort evaluation, independent of human subjective feedbacks. The model is validated by experiments with an acceptable error and implemented for a cabin heating case study. The models can effectively predict the thermal comfort and thermal requirements of various body parts in a dynamic environment with human thermoregulation, as an important tool for designing a non-uniform environment.

Non-fragile H∞ Fault Detection for Nonlinear Systems with Stochastic Communication Protocol and Channel Fadings

Weijian Ren,Mengyu Gao,Chaohai Kang 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.6

This paper deals with the fault detection problem for a class of randomly occurring nonlinear systems with channel fadings under stochastic communication protocol (SCP). Due to the limited communication capacity, the stochastic communication protocol is adopted to determine when the sensor node is used to transmit data between the sensors and the fault detection filter, the actual measurement signal received by the filter is represented by the L-order Rice fading model. A non-fragile fault detection filter is constructed to generate the residual signal. And in order to analyze the stable of the error dynamics, an auxiliary error system is established. Combining stochastic analysis technique, Lyapunov stability theory, linear matrix inequalities(LMIs) calculation method and H∞ filtering technique, the fault detection problem is transformed into equivalent H∞ filtering problem, the sufficient conditions for the existence of fault detection filter are obtained that ensure stochastically stability of the error dynamics with prescribed H∞ performance constraints. In addition, the filter gains can be calculated by solving the LMI. Finally, a numerical simulation example is given for the effectiveness of the fault detection scheme.

An Ultra-Lightweight Side-Channel Resistant Crypto for Pervasive Devices

Weijian Li 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.11

Lightweight cryptography is equipped as security component, to secure those pervasive devices that are security and privacy sensitive. It has been conclusively proven that unprotected cryptographic implementations are vulnerable to side-channel attacks. In practice, area resource smaller than 3,000GE (5,000GE sometimes) may be available for security components in pervasive devices. This paper presents an ultra-lightweight first-order side-channel resistant crypto of KLEIN, which is a new family of lightweight block cipher that has advantages in both of software and hardware performances. The serial implementation of masked KLEIN requires 2102GE, while parallel implementation requires 4451GE, which are suitable for resource-constrained pervasive devices. Experimental results show that it is secure under First-order Power Analysis Attack, but still vulnerable to High-order Side-channel Attacks, with an exponential increase of the SCA data complexity.

A Non-convex Approximating ℓp Norm Regularization Algorithm for Image Deconvolution

Weijian Liu,Xingwei Zhong,Michael Jiang,Ruohe Yao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.6

Up to now, the non-convex ℓp (0 < p < 1) norm regularization function has shown good performance for sparse signal processing. Indeed, it benefits from a significantly heavier-tailed hyper-Laplacian model, which is desirable in the context of image gradient distributions. Both ℓ1/2 and ℓ2/3 regularization methods have been given analytic solutions and fast closed-form thresholding formulae in recent image deconvolution methods. However, the methods with the other p-value norm penalty term still suffer difficulties in getting the analytic solution and fast closed-form thresholding algorithm. In this paper, to deal with these issues, we propose an approximation of ℓp regularization terms with 0.5 p < 1 using a linear combination of two ℓp terms (that is 1 and 1 / 2 ) with closed form thresholding formulae. We develop an alternating minimization method to solve the image deconvolution problems involving the constructed approximating function. We derive theoretical analytic solutions and fast closed-form thresholding formulae. We perform extensive numerical experiments to demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of the proposed method, through a comparison with the recent non-convex ℓp regularization dealing with the special p-value term, with an application to image deconvolution.

Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 suppresses stretch-activated atrial natriuretic peptide secretion by activating large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels

Weijian Li,Sun Hwa Lee,Suhn Hee Kim 대한약리학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.26 No.2

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a known gaseous bioactive substance found across a wide array of body systems. The administration of low concentrations of CO has been found to exert an anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-hypertensive, and vaso-dilatory effect. To date, however, it has remained unknown whether CO influences atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion. This study explores the effect of CO on ANP secretion and its associated signaling pathway using isolated beating rat atria. Atrial perfusate was collected for 10 min for use as a control, after which high atrial stretch was induced by increasing the height of the outflow catheter. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2; 10, 50, 100 μM) and hemin (HO-1 inducer; 0.1, 1, 50 μM), but not CORM-3 (10, 50, 100 μM), decreased high stretch-induced ANP secretion. However, zinc porphyrin (HO-1 inhibitor) did not affect ANP secretion. The order of potency for the suppression of ANP secretion was found to be hemin > CORM-2 >> CORM-3. The suppression of ANP secretion by CORM-2 was attenuated by pretreatment with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, paxilline, and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one, but not by diltiazem, wortmannin, LY-294002, or NG-nitro- L-arginine methyl ester. Hypoxic conditions attenuated the suppressive effect of CORM-2 on ANP secretion. In sum, these results suggest that CORM-2 suppresses ANP secretion via mitochondrial KATP channels and large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels.

5G-RAN Slicing by utilizing RL-based Approaches for V2X Service

WeiJian Zhou,Chaitali J. Pawase,KyungHi Chang 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2

5G mobile systems host a variety of services. Therefore, the main challenge on designing 5G networks is how to address different types of users with diverse QoS requirements on a shared physical network infrastructure. Radio Access Network (RAN) slicing has been introduced as a solution to these challenges. The RAN slicing have a limitation to provide two common services for 5G, namely eMBB and Cellular V2X. We propose an RAN slicing strategy based on reinforcement learning (RL) to allocate radio resources for different slices while considering the resource utilization to maximize the efficiency.

Real-time RL-based 5G Network Slicing Design and Traffic Model Distribution: Implementation for V2X and eMBB Services

WeiJian Zhou,Azharul Islam,KyungHi Chang 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.17 No.9

As 5G mobile systems carry multiple services and applications, numerous user, and application types with varying quality of service requirements inside a single physical network infrastructure are the primary problem in constructing 5G networks. Radio Access Network (RAN) slicing is introduced as a way to solve these challenges. This research focuses on optimizing RAN slices within a singular physical cell for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) UEs, highlighting the importance of adept resource management and allocation for the evolving landscape of 5G services. We put forth two unique strategies: one being offline network slicing, also referred to as standard network slicing, and the other being Online reinforcement learning (RL) network slicing. Both strategies aim to maximize network efficiency by gathering network model characteristics and augmenting radio resources for eMBB and V2X UEs. When compared to traditional network slicing, RL network slicing shows greater performance in the allocation and utilization of UE resources. These steps are taken to adapt to fluctuating traffic loads using RL strategies, with the ultimate objective of bolstering the efficiency of generic 5G services.

A Deep Reinforcement Learning based 5G-RAN Slicing Strategy for V2X Services

WeiJian Zhou,Chaitali J. Pawase,KyungHi Chang 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.6

Vehicular communication is a key technology in intelligent transportation systems which links vehicles, roadside units, and pedestrians. One of the key factor for providing design flexibility is Slicing of the Radio Access Network (RAN) which enables 5G systems to support heterogeneous services on one platform through a custom slice for each service. In this regard, this paper provides an overview of an RAN slicing strategy based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for a heterogeneous network with two generic 5G services, such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X).