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Khan, Shaukat,Ul-Islam, Mazhar,Ikram, Muhammad,Islam, Salman Ul,Ullah, Muhammad Wajid,Israr, Muhammad,Jang, Jae Hyun,Yoon, Sik,Park, Joong Kon Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study reports the fabrication of porogen-induced, surface-modified, 3-dimensionally microporous regenerated bacterial cellulose (rBC)/gelatin (3DMP rBC/G) scaffolds for skin regeneration applications. Round shaped gelatin microspheres (GMS), fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion (WOE) method, were utilized as the porogen. The dissolution of GMS from the solution casted BC scaffolds led to surface-modified microporous rBC. The scaffolds were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental analysis. FE-SEM analysis confirmed the regular microporosity of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds, while elemental analysis confirmed the successful surface modification of cellulose with gelatin. <I>In vitro</I> tests showed good adhesion and proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) on the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds during 7 days of incubation. Confocal microscopy showed penetration of HaCaT cells into the scaffolds, up to 300 μm in depth. <I>In vivo</I> wound healing and skin regeneration experiments, in experimental mice, showed complete skin regeneration within 2 weeks. The wound closure efficacy of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds was much higher (93%) than that of the control (47%) and pure BC-treated (63%) wounds. These results indicated that our 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds represent future candidate materials for skin regeneration applications.</P>
Using Growth and Ionic Contents of Wheat Seedlings as Rapid Screening Tool for Salt Tolerance
Wajid Mahboob,Muhammad Athar Khan,Muhammad Ubaidullah Shirazi,Saba Mumtaz,Aisha Shereen 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.2
High germination percentage with vigorous early growth is preferred for harvesting good wheat stand under saline soils. Therefore, an attempt for rapid screening of wheat genotypes for salt tolerance was made in this study. Eleven wheat genotypes including salt tolerant check Kiran-95were subjected to salinity (120 and 160 mMNaCl) along with non-saline,control. Results showed a gradual decrease in seed germination and restricted seedling growth in tested wheat genotypes inㅡresponse to increasing NaCl concentration in nutrient solution. Among the genotypes, NIA-AS-14-6 and NIA-AS-14-7 exhibited more sensitivity towards the salt stress at the germination stage but NIA-AS-14-6 performed quite satisfactorily later on at the seedling stage. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 showed better performance in term of root-shoot length, plant biomasses (fresh and dry), K+:Na+ ratio with least Na+ content, and high accumulation of K+ at higher levels of NaCl stress. On the basis of overall results, the categorization of genotypes was carried out as sensitive, moderately tolerant, and tolerant. Wheat genotypes NIA-AS-14-2, NIA-AS-14-4, NIA-AS-14-5, NIA-AS-14-10, and Kiran-95 grouped as tolerant, moderately salt tolerant group comprised of NIA-AS-14-1, NIA-AS-14-3, NIA-AS-14-6, and NIA-AS-14-8, whereas, NIA-AS-14-7 and NIA-AS-14-9 were found sensitive to salt stress. Principal component analysis revealed that components I and II contributed 70 and 16.5%, respectively. All growth parameters are associated with each other except RDW. In addition to growth traits, low Na+ and improved K+ content with better K+:Na+ ratio may be used for screening of salt tolerance in wheat as potential physiological criteria.
Khan, Shaukat,Ul-Islam, Mazhar,Ullah, Muhammad Wajid,Kim, Yeji,Park, Joong Kon Springer-Verlag 2015 CELLULOSE Vol.22 No.4
<P>This study explores the biocompatible behavior of bacterial cellulose (BC) composites with the highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). To synthesize this novel composite, we utilized an ex situ penetration method, whereby never-dried BC sheets were incubated with aqueous PEDOT: PSS solution. The resulting composite films were characterized using several analytical tools. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy illustrated the impregnation of PEDOT: PSS into the BC matrix, while the uniform dispersion of PEDOT: PSS in the composites was confirmed with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The conductivity of the PEDOT: PSS incorporated BC was 7.3 9 10(-2) +/- 0.021 S/cm with 29.37 +/- 2.13 weight percentage (wt%) of PEDOT: PSS. The biocompatibility of the BC-PEDOT: PSS film was tested against animal fibroblast cells. The composites showed excellent cell adhesion and proliferation. The animal cells showed filopodia formation and interconnectivity during 3 days of incubation. The cytotoxicity of the BC-PEDOT:PSS film was also assayed, confirming the non-toxic nature of this composite. Taken together, our results demonstrate that this novel biocompatible BC-PEDOT:PSS composite could potentially be used for biomedical applications, particularly in the biosensors, drug delivery devices, neural implants, and tissue engineering fields.</P>
Muhammad Wajid Ullah,Waleed Ahmad Khattak,Mazhar Ul-Islam,Shaukat Khan,박중곤 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.3
This study was intended to develop an encapsulated yeast cell-free system (EyCFS) by confining yeast cell-free lysate within a calcium alginate capsule. The system was evaluated for bio-ethanol production at elevated temperatures and was compared to a bare yeast cell-free system (ByCFS). Fermentation of 10 g/L glucose with shaking (150 rpm), using 2 mg/mL cell-free proteins in the ByCFS produced 3.31 g/L bio-ethanol, corresponding to 65% of the maximal theoretical yield, at 45°C and pH 7.0. On the contrary, the EyCFS produced 4.12 g/L bioethanol, corresponding to 81% of the maximal theoretical yield, under the same experimental conditions. The EyCFS also retained 32% of its original activity after 15 consecutive batches. We observed an 11% increase in bio-ethanol production after replenishment of cofactors (ATP and NADH) and ATPase. The weight-based total turnover number (TTNw; 0.82 × 103), cost ratio (R value; 1.22), and yield (80.4%) indicated the economic suitability of the EyCFS for large-scale production. Connecting the EyCFS with an encapsulated saccharification system through separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) resulted in production of 4.87 g/L bio-ethanol, corresponding to 87.6% of the maximal theoretical yield. This system resolved serious limitations of conventional simultaneous saccharification and fermentation in bare cell-free systems. These data demonstrates the superiority of the proposed system in terms of thermal stability, yield, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
Shaukat Khan,마잘울이슬람,Waleed Ahmad Khattak,Muhammad Wajid Ullah,유보완,박중곤 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.4
Current study illustrates the effect of high yeast cell density contained in the waste of beer fermentationbroth (WBFB) on bio-ethanol production through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). WBFB wasdisintegrated (DW) and comparatively evaluated against nondisintegrated WBFB (NDW) for bio-ethanol production atvariant temperatures. Final bio-ethanol levels of 36.38 g/L and 18.65 g/L at 30 oC, 4.45 g/L and 43.23 g/L at 40 oC, and2.32 g/L and 6.83 g/L at 50 oC were achieved with 20% NDW and DW, respectively, after 12 h. DW carried out thesimultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process through cell free enzyme system and was capable of bioethanolproduction beyond the microbial growth temperature (>30 oC) of NDW system. The increase in sedimentconcentration in DW positively influenced the production capabilities of the system producing 43.23 g/L, 54.39 g/L and62.82 g/L bio-ethanol with 20, 30 and 40% sediments at 40 oC, respectively. The retardation of bioethanol production atelevated temperature (50 oC) was expected to be caused by denaturing or digesting of certain enzymes as observedthrough SDS-PAGE. FTIR analysis also showed the appearance of a new band at approximately 1,590 cm−1 due to unfoldingof polypeptide chains at 50 oC. The overall study reveals the positive influence of increased cell density on ethanolproduction and presents evidence for decreased fermentation beyond certain temperature limits.