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Alam, Muhammad Ashraful,Khan, Muhammad Israr,Cho, Song Rae,Lim, Ji Yeon,Song, Hyun Ji,Kim, Pil Joo,Das, Suvendu Elsevier 2019 Science of the Total Environment Vol.662 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Nitrous oxide (N<SUB>2</SUB>O) is a major greenhouse gas (GHG) with high global warming potential. A majority of the N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux comes from agricultural sources, mainly due to nitrogen (N) fertilization. The soil N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux, induced by N fertilization, mainly originated from two different sources, i.e., fertilizer and soil organic nitrogen (SON). It is essential to know the individual contribution of these two different sources in total N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux for planning necessary mitigation strategies. It is also indispensable to know the seasonal difference of emission factors (EF) for having more accurate N<SUB>2</SUB>O inventory. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in a South Korean upland soil during summer and winter seasons using <SUP>15</SUP>N labeled urea as an artificial N source and source specific N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions were distinguished under different environmental conditions. To characterize the N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions from urea, 0, 50, 100 and 200% of the Korean N recommendation rate was selected for specified crops. The Korean N recommendation rate for red pepper (<I>Capsicum annuum</I>) and garlic (<I>Allium sativum</I>) was 190 and 250 kg N ha<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively. Direct emissions from urea were estimated from the difference of <SUP>15</SUP>N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux emitted from <SUP>15</SUP>N-urea treated soil and the natural abundance of <SUP>15</SUP>N<SUB>2</SUB>O. From total N<SUB>2</SUB>O fluxes, urea originated N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux was 0.87% and 0.13% of the applied N in warm and cold seasons, respectively and the rest comes from SON. Nitrous oxide EF in the warm season was 2.69% of applied N and in the cold season that was 0.25%. Nitrous oxide fluxes showed a significant exponential relationship with soil temperature. The results show the necessity of considering the different N<SUB>2</SUB>O EF for warm and cold cropping seasons to reduce uncertainty in N<SUB>2</SUB>O inventory. The findings of this research may help better understand N<SUB>2</SUB>O source partitioning and the emission budget from warm and cold cropping seasons.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB>O flux originated from urea N was small compared with that of SON. </LI> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB>O released from the urea application was 0.87 and 0.13% of applied urea in warm and cold seasons, respectively. </LI> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB>O emission factors in the warm and cold season are 2.69 and 0.25, respectively. </LI> <LI> N<SUB>2</SUB>O emissions showed exponential relationship with soil temperature. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Khan, Shaukat,Ul-Islam, Mazhar,Ikram, Muhammad,Islam, Salman Ul,Ullah, Muhammad Wajid,Israr, Muhammad,Jang, Jae Hyun,Yoon, Sik,Park, Joong Kon Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Vol.117 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study reports the fabrication of porogen-induced, surface-modified, 3-dimensionally microporous regenerated bacterial cellulose (rBC)/gelatin (3DMP rBC/G) scaffolds for skin regeneration applications. Round shaped gelatin microspheres (GMS), fabricated using a water-in-oil emulsion (WOE) method, were utilized as the porogen. The dissolution of GMS from the solution casted BC scaffolds led to surface-modified microporous rBC. The scaffolds were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and elemental analysis. FE-SEM analysis confirmed the regular microporosity of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds, while elemental analysis confirmed the successful surface modification of cellulose with gelatin. <I>In vitro</I> tests showed good adhesion and proliferation of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) on the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds during 7 days of incubation. Confocal microscopy showed penetration of HaCaT cells into the scaffolds, up to 300 μm in depth. <I>In vivo</I> wound healing and skin regeneration experiments, in experimental mice, showed complete skin regeneration within 2 weeks. The wound closure efficacy of the 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds was much higher (93%) than that of the control (47%) and pure BC-treated (63%) wounds. These results indicated that our 3DMP rBC/G scaffolds represent future candidate materials for skin regeneration applications.</P>
IoT Services and Virtual Objects Management in Hyperconnected Things Network
Ullah, Israr,Sohail Khan, Muhammad,Kim, DoHyeun Hindawi Limited 2018 Mobile information systems Vol.2018 No.-
<P>In recent past, Internet of Things- (IoT-) based applications have experienced tremendous growth in various domains, and billions of devices are expected to be connected to the Internet in near future. The first step for development of IoT-based applications is to virtualize the physical devices by abstracting device properties in virtual objects. Later, these virtual objects can be combined to compose different services for diverse applications. Many existing systems provide virtualization service for physical devices and service composition. But, with the growth of the network, when too many devices and services are added in the IoT network, its management will become a cumbersome task. This paper presents an architecture of IoT services and virtual objects management in hyperconnected things network to facilitate the management tasks. We also have implemented a Service and Virtual Objects Management (SVOM) system prototype to effectively organize and monitor the physical devices through corresponding virtual objects and services composed in the IoT environment. The proposed system also provides interface for user interaction to perform supported control operations on selected device and check device operational and fault status. For scalability analysis of the proposed system, we have performed simulation in the OMNeT++ simulator to study impact of the IoT network size on key performance measures like response time, throughput, and packet delivery ratio. Simulation results reveal that with the growing network size, the gateway nodes become the performance bottleneck. We have also performed resources requirement analysis for virtual objects and control overhead analysis of the proposed management system. Simulation results reveal that control overhead is insignificant in normal scenarios; however, in extreme network conditions, we may have to sacrifice fewer bits which is, in fact, worth nothing when compared to the flexibility and control offered by the proposed management system.</P>
Shahzad Munir,Muhammad Israr Siddiqui,Morgan Heikal,Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz,Guillaume de Sercey 대한기계학회 2015 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.29 No.11
The Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method has seen increasingly used in the last two decades and has a lot of applicationsfor the comparison of experimental and numerically simulated data. The POD technique is often used to extract information about coherentstructures dominating the flow. The two-dimensional and two-component instantaneous velocity fields of both liquid and gas phasesof a slug flow were obtained by Particle image velocimetry (PIV) combined with Laser induced fluorescence (LIF). POD was applied tothe velocity fields of both phases separately to identify the coherent flow structures. We focused on POD eigenmodes and their correspondingenergy contents of both liquid and gas phases. The sum of first few eigenmodes that contain maximum turbulent kinetic energyof the flow represents the coherent structures. In the case of liquid phase the first eigenmode contained 42% of the total energy, while inthe gas phase the decaying energy distribution was flat. The POD results showed that the coefficient of mode 1 for the liquid phase oscillatedbetween positive and negative values and had the highest amplitude. For the visualization of coherent motion different linear combinationsof eigenmodes for liquid and gas phases were used. The phenomena of turbulent bursting events associated with Q2 events(low momentum fluid moving away from the wall) and Q4 events (high momentum flow moving towards the wall) were also discussedto assess its contribution in turbulence production.
( Faiza Ahmed ),( Israr Khan ),( Alejandra Castro-varela ),( Alanna Barrios-ruiz ),( Zarlakhta Zamani ),( Alaa Hamdan ),( Sakshi Mishra ),( Muhammad Khan ),( Umer Salman ),( Zeynep Yukselen ),( Kim An 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0
Background The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved tepotinib and capmatinib for the treatment of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) exon-14 mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in February 2021 and May 2020, but no comparative study has been done so far. Here we compare Results of two-phase 2 trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of these new drugs. Methods Studies demonstrating the role of tepotinib and capmatinib in NSCLC patients were identified using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from inception till February 2021. Results Participants received tepotinib (n=152) and capmatinib (n=97) in two distinct studies. The main efficacy measures in the combined-biopsy group were overall response rate (ORR) of 46% and 56% with tepotinib therapy in VISION trial as per independent review committee and investigator assessment. In contrast, ORR of 41% was noted in previously treated patients vs. 68% in treatment naive patients with capmatinib monotherapy in GEOMETRY mono-1 study. Patients in the tepotinib group showed a median duration of response (mDOR) and a median progression free survival (mPFS) of 11.1 months and 8.5 months, respectively. While with capmatinib study, the mDOR varied from 9.7 months with a mPFS of 5.4 months in those who received prior therapy to mDOR of 12.6 months with a mPFS of 12.4 months in capmatinib monotherapy. The most commonly reported toxicity was grade 3-4 peripheral edema in both arms (tepotinib: 7% vs. Capmatinib: 11%/14%). Conclusions Both drugs exhibited promising activity in the treatment of NSCLC carrying MET exon 14 skipping mutation. However, capmatinib showed an improved ORR, mDOR, and mPFS in treatment naive patients compared to patients treated with tepotinib. Further large and long-term direct comparative clinical trials are warranted to elaborate on beneficial outcomes.
( Faiza Ahmed ),( Israr Khan ),( Nazma Hanif ),( Alaa Hamdan ),( Mohammad Ali Zaidi ),( Zeynep Yukselen ),( Umer Salman ),( Sakshi Mishra ),( Jack Michel ),( Muhammad Haris Khan ),( Andre Thompson ),( 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.-
Background Pralsetinib and selpercatinib are anticancer drugs targeting RET fusions (oncogenic drivers) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The US FDA approved both drugs in 2020 for the treatment of RET-fusion positive NSCLC. Methods We assessed the efficacy & safety of pralsetinib versus selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive NSCLC in two clinical trials: phase1/2 ARROW trial (n=354) and phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (n=144). Results In patients who had previously received platinum-based therapy (n=105), Drilon et al., 2020 showed an overall response rate (ORR) of 64% (95% CI, 54-73) and a median duration of response (mDOR) of 17.5 months (95% CI, 12.0-NE) with selpercatinib in phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial. Furthermore, a complete response (CR) of 2%, partial response (PR) of 62%, stable disease (SD) of 29%, and median progression-free survival (mPFS) of 16.5 months ( 95% CI, 13.7 - NE) were reported. Treatment naive patients (n=39) demonstrated an ORR of 85% (95% CI, 70-94) and PR of 85%. The responses were determined by the independent review committee. Lee et al., 2019 (n=111) demonstrated a rapid lowering of RET circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in 81% of NSCLC patients with pralsetinib therapy. A phase 1/2 ARROW trial (n= 116) exhibited a median follow-up of 8.8 months in patients who received pralsetinib 400 mg daily. Additionally, ORR was 65%, CR 6%, disease control rate 93 (95% CI, 87 - 97), and resulted in overall tumor size reduction in 96% of patients. Refer to (Table 1) for further details. Conclusion Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib have shown promising anti-tumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in RET fusion-positive NSCLC. However, we cannot draw a firm conclusion regarding which one is better due to insufficient data. Clinical trials, including AcceleRET, are still ongoing, and data is pending. Further comparative studies are needed to derive meaningful survival outcomes.