http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
김종화 ( C H Kim ),이동민 ( D H Lee ),김용성 ( Y S Kim ),최보금 ( B G Choi ),박주형 ( J H Park ),김신재 ( S J Kim ),이치국 ( C K Lee ),전현순 ( H S Jeon ),류완희 ( W H Yoo ),곽재용 ( J Y Kwak ),백홍선 ( H S Baek ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2001 全北醫大論文集 Vol.25 No.1
ASU 치료는 증상을 갖고 있는 슬관절의 골관절염 환자의 통증 개선과 관절 기능을 호전시키고, 약물투여 중지 후에 지속효과를 갖는 증상개선 약제로서 안전하게 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 소염진통제인 naproxen과의 병용치료와의 비교에서는 병용치료 군에서 효과의 발현시기와 전반적인 평가에서는 우월하였으나, 부작용이 보다 많이 발생하였다. 따라서 ASU를 골관절염의 약물치료의 한 방법으로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 보이며, 단순진통제 및 소염진통제 등의 약물 등과 같이 단일요법으로서의 사용과 다른 약물과의 병용치료의 효과 및 안정성에 대해서는 보다 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety between avocado/soybean unsaponifiables (ASU) alone and ASU-naproxen combination in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and to determine persistent efficacy after stopping medication and gastrointestinal tolerability. Methods: One hundred twenty-five patients with symptomatic OA of the knee were included in 20-week trial with 12-week treatment period and 8-weeks post-treatment follow-up. Efficacy was evaluated by Lequesne`s index (LI), pain score (VAS; visual analong scale. 10cm) at 4-week interval during the study and physician`s and patient`s global assessment at 20th week. Gastrointestinal side effects were evaluated by questionnaire for gastrointestinal symptoms and number of the ingested antacids during the study. Results: Sixty-three patients were received ASU alone, while sixty-two patients were received ASU and naproxen. Mean±SD scores of pain VAS score were reased from baseline at 8th and 12th weeks after medication in the former groups and 4th, 8th and 12th weeks in the latter groups. Mean±SD scores of LI were decreased from baseline at 12th week after medication in the former groups and 4th, 8th, 12th week in the latter groups. Both scores of LI and pain VAS were maintained at 8th week after stopping medication. The scores of LI and pain VAS scale were significantly decreased in combination group than ASU alone group at 4th and 8th weeks, but tended to lower in combination group at 12th week and post-treatment period. The improvement of physician`s global assessment was seen in 65.4% of combination and 53.2% of ASU alone group. The patient`s global assessment was similar to it. Twenty-six patients (20.8%) could not complete the 20-week study and the causes are different in two groups: side effects are more common cause in combination group and low efficacy and non-compliance were more common in ASU alone group. Gastrointestinal side effects are the most common adverse effects of the both groups, and the frequencies are more common in patients received naproxen as a combination therapy. Conclusion: ASU showed immediate and persistent efficacy in the treatment of patients with symptomatic OA of the knee. The combination of ASU and naproxen was more effective than ASU alone during the treatment period, but similar at post-treatment period. Gastrointestinal side effects were more frequent in combination group than ASU alone.
Progress in the development of heating systems towards long pulse operation for KSTAR
Kwak, J.G.,Bae, Y.D.,Chang, D.H.,Chang, D.S.,Hong, B.G.,Hwang, C.K.,In, S.R.,Jeong, S.H.,Jin, J.T.,Jung, K.S.,Kim, B.R.,Kim, J.,Kim, S.K.,Kim, T.S.,Lee, D.W.,Lee, K.W.,Oh, B.H.,Seo, C.S.,Seo, M.S.,Yoo International Atomic Energy Agency 2007 Nuclear fusion Vol.47 No.5
<P>Construction of the Korea superconducting tokamak advanced research (KSTAR) tokamak is in its final phase. For the long-pulse KSTAR discharges, the ion cyclotron range of frequencies (ICRF) and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating systems are expected to play important roles through a selective heating of ions and electrons, control of the plasma pressure and current profiles, a core fuelling and beam diagnostics for the KSTAR. In addition, the ICRF system is expected to be used for possible discharge cleaning and assisting in the tokamak startup. In this paper, the recent progress in the development of the ICRF and the NBI heating systems is described. The four-strap ICRF antenna has been successfully tested for a voltage up to 41 kV for a pulse length of 300 s (to 46 kV for 20 s) in a test chamber. A prototype KSTAR NBI system has been developed. At present, the system has successfully produced a 1 MW beam power for 200 s and a 3.5 MW output beam power for 4 s.</P>
Key Features in the Operation of KSTAR
Jong-Gu Kwak,Oh, Y. K.,Kim, K. P.,Kim, S. W.,Hong, S. H.,Chu, Y.,Lee, H. J.,Kim, Y. O.,Kim, J.,Park, S. L.,Hahn, S. H.,Park, M. K.,Kim, H. K.,Bak, J. G.,Bae, Y. S.,Ko, W. H.,Lee, S. G.,Lee, J. H.,Jung IEEE 2012 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.40 No.3
<P>The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) device is aimed at advanced tokamak (AT) research. Three years have passed since it achieved its first plasma in 2008. Because it is a superconducting machine and is working toward AT research, it has unique features in terms of the machine engineering and operation. The toroidal field (TF) magnet coils are made of Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn, which provide high TFs up to 3.5 T, and have been fully tested. The poloidal field (PF) magnet coils, consisting of both Nb<SUB>3</SUB>Sn and NbTi, which have a maximum current of 25 kA in their design, were tested up to 15 kA. A thermal hydraulic analysis is being conducted for PF magnet coil operation. All plasma-facing components (PFCs) are equipped with water cooled graphite tiles and have the capability of being baked up to 350°C. A startup scenario, which considered both the effect of the ferromagnetic material in the cable in conduit conductor jacket of the magnet coils as well as a nonferromagnetic up-down asymmetry in the cryostat structure, was developed and demonstrated its effectiveness by the last two year's reliable operations. Passive stabilizers and in-vessel control coils (IVCCs) are key components to realize AT operation in KSTAR. The segmented IVCC coils were connected to form circular coils for internal vertical control in 2010, and diverted plasmas with high elongation (κ~1.8, δ>;0.6) were achieved. A neutral beam injection (NBI) system was developed aiming at 2 MW, 300 s per ion source which meets the long-pulse requirement of KSTAR. An NBI ion source with a power of 1.7 MW at 100 kV has been commissioned for 10 s. Finally, ELMy H-modes were successfully produced with 1.3-MW NBI power at a plasma current of 0.6 MA in the 2010 campaign. The first H-mode discharge (#4200) in KSTAR was achieved one year earlier than officially planned and was done at B<SUB>T</SUB> = 2 T with I<SUB>p</SUB> = 0.6 MA in a well-balanced double null configuration after boronization on the PFC. Successful operations in the early days of KSTAR including H-mode experiments revealed the capability of advanced and steady-state operation which is essential for the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER) and future fusion reactors.</P>