식물성 사료원료 내 피틴태 인의 함량과 PHYTASE ACTIVITY 및 그 특성에 관한 연구

엄재상,백인기,이선재,남궁환 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 실험은 국내 사료회사들이 사용 중인 식물성 사료원료를 수집하여 phytate-P, total-P 그리고 phytase activity를 측정함으로써 가축이 필요로 하는 P의 적정 첨가량을 결정 할 수 있는 기초자료와 밀 phytase와 미생물 phytase의 pH 및 온도 변화에 따른 activity의 변화를 구명하고자 실시하였다. Phytate-P는 대부분 강피류에 많이 함유되어 있었다. 강피류 중에서도 미강 (1,201 ㎎/100g)과 탈지강 (1,077 ㎎/100g), corn gluten feed (896 ㎎/100g), 밀기울 (742㎎/100g) 그리고 채종박 (535 ㎎/100g)에 많이 함유되어 있었고, 다른 원료의 phytate-P는 500 ㎎/100g 이하였다. Total-P는 탈지강 (1,899 ㎎/100g), 미강 (1,886 ㎎/100g), 채종박 (1,016 ㎎/100g) 등에 많이 함유되어 있었다. Phytase activity는 밀 (1,121.9 U/㎏)과 밀기울 (2,935.1 U/㎏)에서 높은 활성을 보였다. pH와 온도의 변화에 따른 미생물 phytase와 밀 phytase의 activity는 모두 pH 5.5와 50℃를 전후하여 최고치를 나타내었다. 그러나 pH 6과 60℃ 이상에서 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 밀 phytase 보다는 미생물 phytase가 보다 더 급격히 감소하여 식물성 phytase가 pH와 온도변화에 대해서는 내성이 더 강한 것으로 나타났다. An experiment was conducted to measure the contents of phytate-P, total-P and phytase activity of cereals and cereal by-products. The effects of pH and temperature on the activity of wheat and microbial phytase were compared. Phytate-P content was higher in most cereal by-products than in cereal. Rice bran had the highest phytate-P (1,201 ㎎/100g) followed by defatted rice bran (1,077 ㎎/100g), corn gluten feed (896 ㎎/100g), wheat bran (742 ㎎/100g) and rapseed meal (535 ㎎/100g). The phytate-P contents of other ingredients were lower than 500 ㎎/100g. Total-P content was high in defatted rice bran (1,899 ㎎/100g), rice bran (1,886 ㎎/100g), and rapseed meal (1,016 ㎎/100g) compared to other ingredients. Wheat and wheat bran had the highest phytase activity (1,121.9 and 2,935.1 U/㎏) among ingredients tested. The activity of wheat and microbial phytase was gradually increased until pH and temperature reached at 5.5 and 50℃ respectively, then their activity remarkably decreased at pH 6 and 60℃. Wheat phytase was as stable, if not more, as microbial phytase under different pH and temperature.

Regulation of Systemic Energy Homeostasis by Peripheral Serotonin

Namkung, Jun,Oh, Chang-Myung,Park, Sangkyu,Kim, Hail Association for Research of MPS and Rare Diseases 2016 Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare disease Vol.2 No.2

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. Serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because central 5-HT functions as an anorexigenic neurotransmitter in the brain. Thus, there have been many trials aimed at increasing the activity of 5-HT in the central nervous system, and some of the developed methods are already used in the clinical setting as anti-obesity drugs. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis leads to inhibition of lipogenesis in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT), induction of browning in inguinal WAT and activation of adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). Fat specific Tph1 knock-out (Tph1 FKO) mice exhibit similar phenotypes as mice with pharmacological inhibition of 5-HT synthesis, suggesting the localized effects of 5-HT in adipose tissues. In addition, Htr3a KO mice exhibit increased energy expenditure in BAT and Htr2a KO mice exhibit the decreased lipid accumulation in WAT. These data suggest the clinical significance of the peripheral serotonergic system as a new therapeutic target for anti-obesity treatment.

Expression of alkA and ada Genes Involved in Adaptive Response

Namkung, Rock,Choe, Soo Y,Lee, Hee W,Park, Sang D 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4

The regulation of the gene expression was investigated using the cloned alkA and ada genes. The alkA and ada promoters were fused with lac Z structural region without frame shift in reading frame by in vitro gene fusion technique. The induced β-galactosidase activities were examined. The activities of β-galactosidase expressed from the fused genes were highly induced when treated with methylating agents, but the nonalkylating agents did not induce the β-galactosidase activities. The inducible pattern did not observe in PJ 1 cells even after treatment with the methylating agents. These results indicate that the alkA and ada gene would not be expressed in the absence of Ada protein.

A New Species of Galloisiana (Grylloblattidae) from Kosudong-gul Cave in Korea

Namkung, Joon 한국곤충학회 1974 Korean journal of entomology Vol.4 No.2

한국의 동굴에서 Galloisiana가 종종 발견되지만 그 성숙한 자웅을 얻기는 힘든다. 저자는 1973年 겨울 남한강상류인 충북 단양군 고수동굴에서 성숙한 1♂, 1♀을 얻었다. 이는 지난번 발표한 Galloisiana biryongensis 전혀 다른 신종으로 밝혀졌으므로 이에 기재발표한다. 본종의 중요표징은 다음과 같다. (1) 몸길이 약 22mm의 중형종으로 뚜렷한 겹눈을 가지며 더듬이는 46-47마디이고, 그 셋째마디는 둘째마디의 약 3배의 길이이다. (3) 앞가슴판의 목피부판(The first cervical sclerite) 윗쪽 가에 4재적의 센털이 정열한다. (3) ♂의 제10배등판끝인 Supra-annal plate는 좌측이 일그러진 삼각형 꼴로 그 끝이 순하고 안쪽으로 굽어 있다. (4) 수생식기관의 바른쪽 원밑마디 (coxopodite)의 밑부끝에 투명한 단추꼴 돌기가 있으나 숨겨져 있어 외관상 잘 보이지 않는다. (5) 반전상 (Eveersible sac)은 작으며 음경의 양 모퉁이가 뿔꼴로 돌출하고 옆에는 갈구리꼴의 가시돌기가 있다. (6) 산란관의 상란관 끝은 미모의 제4마디의 $\frac{3}{4}$에 이르며, 그 밑부로부터 2/15 되는곳에 중란관의 밑부가 있다.

Peripheral Serotonin: a New Player in Systemic Energy Homeostasis

Namkung, Jun,Kim, Hail,Park, Sangkyu Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2015 Molecules and cells Vol.38 No.12

Whole body energy balance is achieved through the coordinated regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in various tissues including liver, muscle and adipose tissues. A positive energy imbalance by excessive energy intake or insufficient energy expenditure results in obesity and related metabolic diseases. Although there have been many obesity treatment trials aimed at the reduction of energy intake, these strategies have achieved only limited success because of their associated adverse effects. An ancient neurotransmitter, serotonin is among those traditional pharmacological targets for anti-obesity treatment because it exhibits strong anorectic effect in the brain. However, recent studies suggest the new functions of peripheral serotonin in energy homeostasis ranging from the endocrine regulation by gut-derived serotonin to the autocrine/paracrine regulation by adipocyte-derived serotonin. Here, we discuss the role of serotonin in the regulation of energy homeostasis and introduce peripheral serotonin as a possible target for anti-obesity treatment.

Evaluation of sintering behavior of ash particles from coal and rice straw using optical heating stage microscope at high temperature fouling conditions

Namkung, H.,Hu, X.,Kim, H.T.,Wang, F.,Yu, G. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Fuel processing technology Vol.149 No.-

Ash adhesion and elimination in the gasification process is one of the main challenges in maintaining a continuous operation of the plant. The properties of ash adhesion and elimination are mainly related to particle sintering behavior. Different sintering behaviors of Shenhua coal ash (SCA) and rice straw ash (RSA) below the inherent initial deformation temperature (IDT) were observed by using optical heating stage microscope (OHSM) under CO<SUB>2</SUB> and Ar environments. The particle interaction of the RSA, the IDT of which was lower than that of SCA, was higher than that of SCA at the same temperature. Adding RSA to the SCA was an effective means of increasing particle sintering of SCA. The sintering reaction rate of ash particles highly increased at beginning of sintering stage. The effects of inorganic chemicals in the sintering process were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and typical fouling indices. The Ca and K were predominant contributors to the increase in sintering. The degree of sintering through the experiments was compared to a modified Frenkel sintering model, which accurately simulated the sintering tendency under isothermal conditions.

Blending effect of sewage sludge and woody biomass into coal on combustion and ash agglomeration behavior

Namkung, Hueon,Lee, Young-Joo,Park, Ju-Hyoung,Song, Gyu-Seob,Choi, Jong Won,Choi, Young-Chan,Park, Se-Joon,Kim, Joeng-Geun Elsevier 2018 Fuel Vol.225 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The co-combustion of sewage sludge and woody biomass is a key issue in coal power plants. Different combustion and ash behaviors of sewage sludge and woody biomass cause unpredictable operating concerns. In this study, the combustion and ash agglomeration behavior of blended fuel of sewage sludge and woody biomass (BSW) were investigated while coal co-combusted with it. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that adding a high amount of BSW into the coal lowered volatilization, ignition, and burn-out temperature. The char combustion reactivity of coal differed from that of BSW. The shrinking core model (SCM) and volumetric reaction model (VRM) were used to fit the char combustion reactivity of coal and BSW. In the case of ash agglomeration behavior, BSW addition led to increasing particle agglomeration at fouling temperatures. In particular, phosphorus composition influenced particle growth, which was verified using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX) analysis. Furthermore, the ash mixture ratio of BSW and coal changed the intensity of the phosphorus-bearing mineral phase from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and finally influenced the melting temperature of the ash.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The combustion and ash agglomeration characteristics of coal and BSW mixture were investigated. </LI> <LI> Addition of BSW into the coal lowered the combustion temperature profiles during non-isothermal heating conditions. </LI> <LI> Carbon and reagent gas reaction occurred on exterior and interior of the particle during char combustion. </LI> <LI> BSW containing high phosphorus contents made a high agglomeration tendency and low melting mineral phase. </LI> </UL> </P>

One New Species of the Genus Galloisiana (Notoptera: Grylloblattidae) from Korea

Namkung, Joon(南宮焌) 한국동물분류학회 1986 Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity Vol.2 No.2

A New Species of Cave Dwelling Grylloblattoidea (Grylloblattidae) from Korea

Namkung, Joon 한국곤충학회 1974 Korean journal of entomology Vol.4 No.1

원시무시곤충으로 주목되고 있는 Grylloblattoidea는 1914년 E.M. Walker가 최초로 발표한 이래, 북미각지에서 7종.2아종, 일본에서 5종, Siberia에서 1종이 기재된 바 있으나 우리나라에서는 아직껏 밝혀진 바가 없다. 저자는 1966년 6월 보한강상류인 정선군 비룡동굴에서 완전한 1성웅을 채집한 바 있어 여기에 Gallcisiana biryongensis(비룡갈르와 벌레)로 명명 기재한다. 본종은 다양색.무안.체장 34mm로 기지의 어느 것보다도 대형종이다. 대체적구조는 일본산 Galloisiana nipponensis에 닮으나 제10복배판 끝 Supra-anal plate가 둔만년필촉과 같이 무듸게 되며, 북미종과는 부절욕반이 있음에서 외관상으로도 분명히 구별된다. 본종의 중요 표징은 다음과 같다. (1) 두부는 편본하고 폭이 약간 넓은 원형으로 두개선이 명료하고, 복안은 퇴화되었으나 강대한 안부강모가 나있다. (2) 전흉배는 저대한 정방형, 중흉배는 전변이 좁은 제형, 후흉배는 전변이 약천 좁은 제형으로 각 측연과 중앙부에 불규칙한 강모가 나있다. (3) 복배판은 제4, 5절이 최대이며, 각 절의 하변에 8개, 측연에 1개씩의 강모가 정열하며 제10배판 끝은 순한 만년필촉 꼴로 일견 2분 된 듯한 감을 준다. (4) 미모는 9절로 되며, 각 말단부에 3,4재의 장강모가 나 있고, 미세 투명한 긴 감각모가 보인다. (5) 보각은 완장하며 부절욕반이 명료하다. (6) 웅생식기관은 복잡한 구조를 갖추며, 복지는 좌우비대칭으로 좌지는 폭광인 ?꼴이고, 우지는 장삼각형으로 기부끝에 투명한 단추꼴 돌기가 보인다. (7) 대형의 주름진 반전낭이 우음경엽부에서 돌출하고 있으며, 비교적 완장한 주음경과 부음경이 보인다.

Allocation in Multi-way Stratification by Linear Programing

NamKung, Pyong,Choi, Jae-Hyuk 한국통계학회 2006 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.13 No.2

Winkler (1990, 2001), Sitter and Skinner (1994), Wilson and Sitter (2002) present a method which applies linear programing to designing surveys with multi-way stratification, primarily in situation where the desired sample size is less than or only slightly larger than the total number of stratification cells. A comparison is made with existing methods both by illustrating the sampling schemes generated for specific examples, by evaluating sample mean, variance estimation, and mean squared errors, and by simulating sample mean for all methods. The computations required can, however, increase rapidly as the number of cells in the multi-way classification increase. In this article their approach is applied to multi-way stratification using real data.