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Z. Zafirah,V.L. Low,A.A. Azidah 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.2
The DNA barcode data revealed two lineages of M. usitatus. Lineage I, consisted of the typical M. usitatus morphoform ‘a’ from the field collected and laboratory reared specimens, and the reference sequences from the GenBank whereas Lineage II consisted of both M. usitatus morphoforms ‘a’ and ‘b’ from the field collected specimens. The interspecific distances between both lineages ranged from 8.78 to 9.63%, suggesting the presence of cryptic and non-monophyly lineages between two morphoforms of M. usitatus in Peninsular Malaysia.
Choi, Wonjae,Shi, Fan,Lowe, Michael J.S.,Skelton, Elizabeth A.,Craster, Richard V.,Daniels, William L. Elsevier 2018 NDT & E international Vol.98 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The scattering of waves by rough surfaces plays a significant role in many fields of physical sciences including ultrasonics where failure surfaces are often rough and their accurate identification is critical. The prediction of the strength of scattering can be hampered when the roughness is not adequately characterised and this is a particular issue when the surface roughness is within an order of the incident wavelength. Here we develop a methodology to reconstruct, and accurately represent, rough surfaces using an AutoRegressive (AR) process that then allows for rapid numerical simulations of ultrasonic wave rough surface scattering in three dimensions. Gaussian, exponential and AR surfaces are reconstructed based on real surface data and the statistics of the surfaces are compared with each other. The statistics from the AR surfaces agree well with those from actual rough surfaces, taken from experimental samples, in terms of the heights as well as the gradients, which are the two main factors in accurately predicting the wave scattering intensities. Ultrasonic rough surface scattering is simulated numerically using the Kirchhoff approximation, and comparisons with Gaussian, exponential, AR and real sample surfaces are performed; scattering intensities found using AR surfaces show the best agreement with the real sample surfaces.</P>