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Patrícia G. Garcia,Vânia L. Silva,Cláudio G. Diniz 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.1
Acute diarrhea is a public health problem and an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. The etiology is varied, and the diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes are among the most important. Our objectives were to determine the occurrence of commensal and diarrheagenic E. coli strains in fecal samples from children under five years old and their drug susceptibility patterns. E. coli were isolated from 141 fresh fecal samples; 84 were obtained from clinically injured donors with acute diarrhea (AD) and 57 from clinically healthy donors without diarrhea (WD). Presumptive phenotypic species identification was carried out and confirmed by amplification of specific 16S ribosomal RNA encoding DNA. Multiplex PCR was performed to characterize the diarrheagenic E. coli strains. Drug susceptibility patterns were determined by the disc-diffusion method. In total, 220 strains were recovered from the fecal specimens (61.8% from AD and 38.2% from WD). Diarrheagenic E. coli was identified at a rate of 36.8% (n=50)in diarrheic feces and 29.8% (n=25) in non-diarrheic feces. Enteroaggregative E. coli was the most frequently identified pathotype in the AD group (16.2%) and the only pathotype identified in the WD group (30.9%). Enteropathogenic E. coli was the second most isolated pathotype (10.3%), followed by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (7.4%) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (2.9%). No enteroinvasive E. coli strains were recovered. The isolates showed high resistance rates against ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The most effective drugs were ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and piperacillin-tazobactam, for which no resistance was observed. Differentiation between the diarrheagenic E. coli pathotypes is of great importance since they are involved in acute diarrheal diseases and may require specific antimicrobial chemotherapy. The high antimicrobial resistance observed in our study raises a broad discussion on the indiscriminate or improper use of antimicrobials, besides the risks of self-medication.
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Sergio Faloni de Andrade,Vânia Floriani Noldin,Franco Delle Monache,Valdir Cechinel Filho,Eros Comunello,Rivaldo Niero 대한약학회 2008 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.31 No.1
The hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous-soluble fractions from leaves of Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae) were evaluated for their protective actions against ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats. The treatment with all fractions (150 mg/kg) and omeprazol (30 mg/kg) significantly reduced the lesion index, the total lesion area, and the percentage of lesion, in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). Since the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction was found to be most active in the pylorus ligated model, this fraction was further investigated and resulted in the isolation of triterpene 3,15-dioxo-21α-hydroxy friedelane. The triterpene was evaluated in the HCl/ethanol-induced ulcer model in mice. In this assay, both the groups treated with 3,15-dioxo-21α-hydroxy friedelane and omeprazol, at a dose of 30 mg/kg, presented a significant reduction in lesion index, total lesion area, and in the percentage of the lesion, when compared with the control group (p<0.05). The result suggests that the antiulcer effect observed in the extract and fractions may be attributed, at least in part, to this compound. Further experiments are underway to determine which antiulcer mechanisms involved in gastroprotection.
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Direct grafting of carbon nanotubes with ethylenediamine
Gromov, Andrei V.,Gray, Nia,Szilá,gyi, Petra Á,gota,Campbell, Eleanor E. B. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.39
<P>Singlewall and multiwall carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalised with ethylenediamine (EDA) in a simple one-pot process providing a good surface coverage. The successful grafting of EDA on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was shown by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), infrared and Raman spectroscopies and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). These functionalised CNTs with terminal amino groups were shown to form composite polyamide materials with uniform CNT distribution in the polymer matrix.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Singlewall and multiwall carbon nanotubes were covalently functionalised with ethylenediamine (EDA) in a simple one-pot process providing a good surface coverage. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm33348a'> </P>
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ACTH-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia
Livia M. Mermejo,Tânia L. Mazzuco,Solange Grunenwald,Maria Candida B. V. Fragoso,Isabelle Bourdeau,André Lacroix 대한내분비학회 2011 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.26 No.1
ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH) is an uncommon cause of Cushing’s syndrome (CS). The pathophysiology of this disorder is heterogeneous in its molecular origin and also in its clinical presentation. AIMAH can present mainly as an incidental radiological finding with sub-clinical CS or rarely with overt CS. In a few familial cases reported with AIMAH, specific aberrant G-protein coupled receptors were expressed in the adrenals of all affected members, but sporadic cases are more common. The aberrant adrenal function of G-protein coupled receptors can lead to cell proliferation and abnormal regulation of steroidogenesis. Unilateral or bilateral adrenalectomy has been the most frequently used treatment for this adrenal disorder; alternatively,the identification of aberrant receptors using in vivo protocol of investigation can offer specific pharmacological approach to control abnormal steroidogenesis and possibly prevent AIMAH progression.
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