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Monte Carlo simulation of error assumptions in generalized star (1;1) model
DEBBY MASTERIANA,UTRIWENI MUKHAIYAR 장전수학회 2019 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.22 No.1
This study is aimed to compare several denitions of error assumption in Generalized Space Time Autoregressive (GSTAR) (1;1) model. This denition is needed since the assumption of normal and identically distributed (iid ) is dicult to be satised. Four assump- tions are simulated in this article respectively spatial correlated error, time correlated error, spatial and time correlated error with martingale dierence, and spatial and time correlated error with beta estimator. By using Monte Carlo simulation, a thousand replications in thirteen locations are done towards GSTAR (1;1) model with varied amount of random data. The result shows that convergence of generalized least square (GLS) estimation approaches the real parameter is faster gained by spatial and time correlated error with martingale dierence assump- tion. This new denition of error assumption provides a more precise GSTAR (1;1) model.
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Andi Tajrin,M. Ruslin,Muh. Irfan Rasul,Nurwahida,Hadira,Husni Mubarak,Katharina Oginawati,Katharina Oginawati,Nurul Fahimah,Ikeu Tanziha,Annisa Dwi Damayanti,Utriweni Mukhaiyar,Asri Arumsari,Ida Ayu A 대한두개안면성형외과학회 2024 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.25 No.1
Background: The pathogenesis of orofacial cleft (OFC) is multifactorial, involving both genetic and non-genetic factors, the latter of which play a key role in the development of these anomalies. This paper addresses the incidence of OFC in Indonesia, with a focus on identifying and examining the distribution of contributory factors, including parental medical history, pregnancy history, and environmental influences. Methods: The study was conducted through the collection of primary data. An interdisciplinary research team from Indonesia administered a standardized questionnaire to parents who had children with OFC and who had provided informed consent. The case group comprised 133 children born with cleft lip and/or palate, and the control was 133 noncleft children born full-term. The risk factors associated with OFC anomalies were analyzed using the chi-square test and logistic regression. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25. A p-value of 0.05 or less was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The study comprised 138 children, of whom 82 were boys (59.4%) and 56 were girls (40.6%). Among them, 45 patients (32.6%) presented with both cleft lip and cleft palate, 25 individuals (18.1%) had a cleft palate only, and 28 patients (20.3%) had a cleft lip only. OFC was found to be significantly associated with a maternal family history of congenital birth defects (p< 0.05), complications during the first trimester (p< 0.05), consumption of local fish (p< 0.05), caffeine intake (p< 0.05), prolonged medication use (p< 0.05), immunization history (p< 0.05), passive smoking (p< 0.05), and X-ray exposure during pregnancy (p< 0.05). Conclusion: The findings indicate close relationships between the incidence of OFC and maternal medical history, prenatal factors, and environmental influences.
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