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Entomopathogenic fungi-mediated biological control of the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus
Yang Tzu-Hao,Wu Li-Hsin,Liao Chung-Ta,LIDONGWEI,Young Shin Tae,Jae Su Kim,Nai Yu-Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.1
The red palm weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, is an important pest of palms, and difficult to control by conventional methods. Therefore, microbial control is an alternative strategy for controlling RPW. Herein, a total of 15 entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) were subjected to primary pathogenicity screening against last stage of RPW larvae. The preliminary data showed that four Beauveria bassiana isolates (JEF-484, 158, 462 and 507) and one Isaria fumosorosea isolate (JEF-014) resulted in 100 % mortality within 5–10 days post inoculation (d.p.i.), respectively. According to the time required for RPW mortality, JEF-484, 158, 462 and 014 were further sub jected to bioassays using 10 7 conidia/ml suspensions by spraying method. Based on the results, JEF-484 showed the highest mortality and shortest LT 50 on the last stage of RPW larvae, followed by JEF-158. The two isolates also showed good conidial production and high thermal stability compared to the other isolates. Therefore, JEF-484 and JEF-158 were selected for bioassays against RPW egg and the last larval stage with different concen trations of 10 5 , 10 6 and 10 7 conidia/ml conidial suspensions by spraying method. For the bioassay at the egg stage, JEF-158 showed a significantly higher ovicidal effect than JEF-484. In the larval bioassay, both EPF isolates showed a dosage-dependent effect on the RPW larvae. JEF-484 caused higher mortality in RPW larvae than JEF-158. In summary, the combination of the 2 promising EPF isolates might provide an opportunity for the practical microbial control of RPW at different life stages in palm tree fields.
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Wu Sing-Shan,Tseng Ching-Tzu,Yang Yu-Hung,Liu Yao-Chia,Chang Ju-Chun,Gyawali Purushottam,Li Yi-Hsuan,Yang Tzu-Hao,Tsai Yi-Fang,Tang Li-Cheng,Nai Yu-Shin 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.4
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is an emerging invasive pest in Taiwan that feeds on a wide range of crops and causes serious damage. Herein, an entomopathogenic fungal library (EFLib) was constructed to identify potential microbes to control FAW. Twenty-eight indigenous entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) were iso lated and investigated for their potential pathogenicity, with Metarhizium pinghaense (Mp-NCHU-124) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb-NCHU-157) exerting dose-dependent effects on the 4th instar FAW larvae. The non-ionic surfactant Silwet L-77 rapidly killed FAW larvae after spraying at a concentration of 300 mg/kg and the toxic effect of Silwet L-77 on FAW larvae was dose-dependent. When the EPF isolates (10 6 conidia/mL) were applied to FAW larvae in combination with the non-ionic surfactant Silwet L-77 (30–90 mg/kg), the mortality rate dramatically increased and the LT 50 reduced, with increased fungal mycosis (Mp-NCHU-124: 38% to 72% and Bb-NCHU-157: 20 to 62%), indicating the high compatibility of EPF with the non-ionic surfactant. Thus, the Silwet L-77+EPF combined formulation has potential for practical field application for FAW pest control and sustainable agriculture in the future.
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Eunice Jia-Shiow Yuan,Shiau-Shian Huang,Chia-An Hsu,Jiing-Feng Lirng,Tzu-Hao Li,Chia-Chang Huang,Ying-Ying Yang,Chung-Pin Li,Chen-Huan Chen 한국보건의료인국가시험원 2023 보건의료교육평가 Vol.20 No.-
Purpose Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has heavily impacted medical clinical education in Taiwan. Medical curricula have been altered to minimize exposure and limit transmission. This study investigated the effect of COVID-19 on Taiwanese medical students’ clinical performance using online standardized evaluation systems and explored the factors influencing medical education during the pandemic. Methods Medical students were scored from 0 to 100 based on their clinical performance from 1/1/2018 to 6/31/2021. The students were placed into pre-COVID-19 (before 2/1/2020) and midst-COVID-19 (on and after 2/1/2020) groups. Each group was further categorized into COVID-19-affected specialties (pulmonary, infectious, and emergency medicine) and other specialties. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to compare and examine the effects of relevant variables on student performance. Results In total, 16,944 clinical scores were obtained for COVID-19-affected specialties and other specialties. For the COVID-19-affected specialties, the midst-COVID-19 score (88.51–3.52) was significantly lower than the pre-COVID-19 score (90.14–3.55) (P<0.0001). For the other specialties, the midst-COVID-19 score (88.32–3.68) was also significantly lower than the pre-COVID-19 score (90.06–3.58) (P<0.0001). There were 1,322 students (837 males and 485 females). Male students had significantly lower scores than female students (89.33–3.68 vs. 89.99–3.66, P=0.0017). GEE analysis revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic (unstandardized beta coefficient=-1.99, standard error [SE]=0.13, P<0.0001), COVID-19-affected specialties (B=0.26, SE=0.11, P=0.0184), female students (B=1.10, SE=0.20, P<0.0001), and female attending physicians (B=-0.19, SE=0.08, P=0.0145) were independently associated with students’ scores. Conclusion COVID-19 negatively impacted medical students' clinical performance, regardless of their specialty. Female students outperformed male students, irrespective of the pandemic.
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