Creativity in Design and Craft Education

Gisli Thorsteinsson,Tom Page,Ha, Joong 한국디지털디자인협의회 2014 (사)한국디지털디자인협의회 conference Vol.2014 No.5

The paper represents a research project on design creativity in the area of Design and Technology education in Iceland and Scotland. This was carried out over the last year and explores the role of teachers and their understanding of the importance of students´ autonomy in creative design when they are at age 11-14. In addition, the paper considers the congruity between creativity opportunities included in national curriculum and how teachers understand the relation between curriculum and practice.

A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in a Traditional Industry Sector

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong Gyu 한국디자인지식학회 2008 디자인지식저널 Vol.8 No.-

This work provides feasibility of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) for a small company in a traditional industry sector. To establish, to what extent would CAD/CAM be a viable option for a small company using traditional methods? The implementation of this research carried out via a questionnaire to a selected number of companies, interviewed with companies operations directors and sales representative that supplies CAD/CAM systems. In order to insure that literature reviewed the new technology of CAD/CAM to see a suitable option, which would offer improvements to the organisation and work force. Many companies felt the need to implement CAD/CAM was the only way to face the future and ensure competitiveness. Financial constraints within a small company affected the choice of CAD/CAM implemented. Result of implementing new technology was the affect on the employee and employer. As a result all of the companies that have implemented CAD/CAM have all been trading between 40 and 65 years and have had this technology for over 3 years, with the exception of 1 which had only been trading for 7 years and had only used the technology for under a year. The three interviews gave further evidence to support points suggested by the literature review particularly with regard to how CAD/CAM affects the individual employee and employer. High maintenance costs was a reason given for not using CAD/CAM in the questionnaire. The reason why a small fabrication company want to implement CAD/CAM was increasing its production of bespoke products, production of components. A good maintenance program should be in place to ensure continued production and minimal downtime is needed to implement CAD/CAM successfully.

Using Colours to alter Consumer Behaviour and Product Success

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong-Gyu The Korea Contents Association 2012 International Journal of Contents Vol.8 No.1

This paper aims to present colour theories and show how they can be used to explain consumer's preferences of some products over others. It will, furthermore, attempt to link these theories to the design industry and look at how colour associations determine product success. Due to associative learning and personal preference, the colours of objects can cause consumers to either favour or dislike products over those with identical functions and efficiency. Age and gender affect the preferred colour choices of the individual, making some products more popular to particular groups of potential consumers. Designers can utilise colour theories to ensure that they use the most appropriate colour schemes to maximise and appeal to their targeted market successfully. A survey was conducted with 100 participants. It demonstrates the associative links between colours, emotions and product categories. It can be shown that the colour of an object can contribute to its success or failure in the market based on a number of different criteria. The design must use colour confidently to evoke certain emotions or connotations and must be carried out appropriately. The designer also has to consider whom it is that be viewing it and making the decision of preference.

Natural Sections in Product Design

Page, Tom,Thorsteinsson, Gisli,Ha, Joong-Gyu The Korea Contents Association 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.3

The golden ratio is a mysterious number that surprisingly appears in science, physics, mathematics, as well as in nature. The number 1.618 seems to be a universal constant, and crops up whenever the subject is of beauty or elegance. Beautiful flowers and sea shells and also attractive people have a common number and that is 1.618 or $\varphi$ (phi). This paper does a study into the story of phi, and describes how the golden ratio is derived. Artists, architects and designers have employed the ratio into dimensioning their works of art to achieve visual appeal. Examples such as the Greek Parthenon of the Acropolis and paintings such as the Last Supper all use this magic number. An investigation was conducted among 50 people to test if looking at golden proportioning was actually appealing, or if it was just a type among overzealous enthusiasts. The results show that the golden ratio may actually be of some use.

Design and Technology Education Supported by a Virtual Reality Learning Environment

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,Miika Lehtonen,Ha, Joong Gyu 한국디자인지식학회 2006 디자인지식저널 Vol.2 No.-

Usability Concerns in the Design of Consumer Electronic Products

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,이재환(Lee Jaehwan),하중규(Ha Joonggyu) 한국디지털디자인학회 2008 디지털디자인학연구 Vol.8 No.2

본 연구는 한창 논의 중인 소형전자제품의 사용성을 문헌 중심으로 고찰하고 연구자가 수행하여 검증한 전자 제품에 대한 현재의 소비자 인식과 사용 이전의 소비자 인식이 확연하다는 연구진의 연구결과를 보고한다. 제품 유저빌리티는 마이크로전자의 기술적인 진전에 힘입은 그 결과로 디지털카메라 사용성의 경우 제품을 살피는 기저 탐색과정이 곧 제품구매로 이어지는 소비자 태도와 연계된다는 것으로 조사 분석되었다. 본 연구는 조직화된 설문 피 사용자 핵심그룹 그리고 심층면접을 통하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 주요 발견점으로는 마이크로전자 기술에서 사용자가 눈으로 보고 느끼는 장점 이를테면 유용한 기능성·규모의 개선·무게에 대한 융통성과 그 밖의 일반적인 융통성을 들 수 있지만 이러한 잇점과 동시에 다른 한편으로는 기능적으로 점차 복잡해진다는 점 전자제품의 사용성에 치명적인 손상을 끼칠 정도의 신뢰성이 떨어지는 것도 제시된다. 그간 전자기술이 많이 필요하지 않는 제품은 큼지막하게 생겨 단순하고 보다 직관적이어서 사용하기 쉬운 것으로 간주되어 왔다. 궁극적으로 그 제품은 고도의 기능성과 사용자가 바라는 사용성과 연계되어 있고 디지털 카메라의 경우는 매우 훌륭하게 디자인된 용도와 직관적인 인터페이스 그리고 메뉴 시스템이 두드러지게 이루어낸 융합이었다. 하지만 본 연구에서 디지털카메라는 지금의 전자제품 디자인의 측면에서 볼 때 매우 드문 경우이며 사용성에 관한 연구의 전반적인 측면에서는 오히려 좋지 않은 영향을 받은 것으로 결론을 맺는다. This research considers existing literature discussing the usability of microelectronic products and reports on research undertaken by the author in identifying consumer perception of contemporary and legacy electronic products. The effect of microelectronic advancement on product usability is investigated and analysed in combination with case?based investigation into consumer attitudes to product purchase and usability of digital cameras. Research was conducted through a structured questionnaire focus groups and interviews. The findings suggest that users see benefits in microelectronics such as useful functionality improvements in size weight and general versatility but also found the increased complexity and reduced reliability in electronic products as detrimental to usability. Nonelectronic products were identified as largely simpler and more intuitive and therefore more usable. Ultimately it was a combination of high functionality and usability that users demanded an amalgamation largely achieved by digital cameras through the use of a well designed and intuitive interface and menu system. However the project concluded that digital cameras were a rare case within current electronic product design and overall usability had been detrimentally affected by the increase in the use of microelectronics.

A Feasibility Study into the Application of CAD/CAM in a Traditional Industry Sector

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,하중규 한국디자인지식학회 2008 디자인지식저널 Vol.8 No.-

This work provides feasibility of computer aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) for a small company in a traditional industry sector. To establish, to what extent would CAD/CAM be a viable option for a small company using traditional methods? The implementation of this research carried out via a questionnaire to a selected number of companies, interviewed with companies operations directors and sales representative that supplies CAD/CAM systems. In order to insure that literature reviewed the new technology of CAD/CAM to see a suitable option, which would offer improvements to the organisation and work force. Many companies felt the need to implement CAD/CAM was the only way to face the future and ensure competitiveness. Financial constraints within a small company affected the choice of CAD/CAM implemented. Result of implementing new technology was the affect on the employee and employer. As a result all of the companies that have implemented CAD/CAM have all been trading between 40 and 65 years and have had this technology for over 3 years, with the exception of 1 which had only been trading for 7 years and had only used the technology for under a year. The three interviews gave further evidence to support points suggested by the literature review particularly with regard to how CAD/CAM affects the individual employee and employer. High maintenance costs was a reason given for not using CAD/CAM in the questionnaire. The reason why a small fabrication company want to implement CAD/CAM was increasing its production of bespoke products, production of components. A good maintenance program should be in place to ensure continued production and minimal downtime is needed to implement CAD/CAM successfully.

Natural Sections in Product Design

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,Joong Gyu Ha 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 International Journal of Contents Vol.6 No.3

The golden ratio is a mysterious number that surprisingly appears in science, physics, mathematics, as well as in nature. The number 1.618 seems to be a universal constant, and crops up whenever the subject is of beauty or elegance. Beautiful flowers and sea shells and also attractive people have a common number and that is 1.618 or φ (phi). This paper does a study into the story of phi, and describes how the golden ratio is derived. Artists, architects and designers have employed the ratio into dimensioning their works of art to achieve visual appeal. Examples such as the Greek Parthenon of the Acropolis and paintings such as the Last Supper all use this magic number. An investigation was conducted among 50 people to test if looking at golden proportioning was actually appealing, or if it was just a type among overzealous enthusiasts. The results show that the golden ratio may actually be of some use

Technology Enhanced Learning in Design Education Through the Use of Virtual Reality Learning Environments

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,하중규 한국디자인지식학회 2007 디자인지식저널 Vol.4 No.-

In this article, the concept of a 'virtual reality learning environment'(VRLE) discussed in the context of technology enhanced learning. The aim of this work is to compare the views of British (n=8) and international design education practitioners (n=21) on the future of virtual reality based learning and to test the hypothetical checklist of virtual reality learning components (VRLC). The international design education practitioners were leading researchers and members of the FiSTe project consortium. The first objective was investigated in three parts using a Practitioner based method. The second goal was investigated by presenting an incomplete checklist of the VRLC to international practitioners along with a narrative scenario, and asking them if something was missing. The results, in the main, showed that the British and the international FiSTe practitioners shared views on the future of design education, but the international practitioners showed more scepticism in their opinions. British practitioners emphasised the relevance of personal aspects of learning, when FiSTe practitioners saw learning community issues more relevant. The theoretical framework of this study, comprising the VRLC checklist was supported by the international design education practitioners with an exception of "Continuity and adaptability", and "Support for time and learning management".

Technology Enhanced Learning in Design Education Through the Use of Virtual Reality Learning Environments

Tom Page,Gisli Thorsteinsson,Joong Gyu Ha 한국디자인지식학회 2007 디자인지식저널 Vol.4 No.-

In this article, the concept of a ‘virtual reality learning environment’(VRLE) discussed in the context of technology e띠lanced learning. The aim of this work is to compare the views of British (n=8) and international design education practitioners (n=21) on the future of virtual reality based learning and to test the hypothetical checklist of virtual reality learning components (VRLC). The international design education practitioners were leading researchers and members of the FiSTe project consortium. The first objective was investigated in three parts using a Practitioner based method. The second goal was investigated by presenting an incomplete checklist of the VRLC to international practitioners along with a narrative scenario, and asking them if something was missing. The results, in the main, showed that the British and the international FiSTe practitioners shared views on the future of design education, but the international practitioners showed more scepticism in their opinions. British practitioners emphasised the relevance of personal aspects of learning, when FiSTe practitioners saw learning community issues more relevant. The theoretical framework of this study, comprising the VRLC checklist was supported by the international design education practitioners with an exception of “Continuity and adaptability”, and “Support for time and learning management”.