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Successful Treatment of Cavernous Sinus Metastasis from Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma with Lenvatinib
Tee Sin Lee,Anna See,Caleb Lim,Xin Yong Huang 대한갑상선학회 2020 International Journal of Thyroidology Vol.13 No.1
Radioiodine-refractory distant metastases in well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas are rare but pose a significant diagnostic and management challenge. Follicular thyroid carcinoma which is a type of well-differentiated carcinoma, is known for its hematogenous spread. Various sites of distant metastasis have been described. We report the first-ever case of radioiodine-refractory metastasis at the cavernous sinus, arising from follicular thyroid carcinoma. The atypical site of metastasis and management complexity of radioiodine-refractory disease is discussed in this article.
Ginting, Riski Titian,Lee, Hock Beng,Tan, Sin Tee,Tan, Chun Hui,Jumali, Mohd. Hafizuddin Hj.,Yap, Chi Chin,Kang, Jae-Wook,Yahaya, Muhammad American Chemical Society 2016 The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part C Vol.120 No.1
<P>A simple low-temperature solution processed bismuth-doped ZnO nanorods (NRs) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) were used as electron acceptor and donor, respectively, in a hybrid inorganic-organic photovoltaic system. Controlling Bi precursor concentration via solution processing (hydrothermal method) plays an important role in altering the morphology, structure, and intrinsic defects of ZnO NRs. Interstitial doping of BiBi2O3 into ZnO (BiZO) NRs results in simultaneous improvement of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current density primarily due to prolonged charge carrier recombination lifetime, increased donor-acceptor interfacial areas with efficient exciton dissociation, and charge carrier mobility. As a result, the power conversion efficiency of the 2 wt % BiZO NRs-P3HT device was significantly enhanced by 55% compared with that of the pristine device. Overall, our study highlighted the immense potential of BiZO NRs as an excellent electron acceptor for fabrication of hybrid optoelectronic devices.</P>