Improving productivity of steviol glycosides in  Stevia rebaudiana via induced polyploidy

Daryush Talei,Mojtaba Khayam Nekouei,Mohsen Mardi,Saeid Kadkhodaei 한국작물학회 2020 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

The polyploidy induction using mutagenic chemicals is one of the breeding approaches to improve enhancing productivity of yield and secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. In the present research, to induce polyploidy in Stevia rebaudiana plants, the seeds were treated with four concentrations of colchicine (control, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%) for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h in a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replicates. The morphological and phytochemical traits of plants were measured before the flowering stage. The results indicated that different concentrations of colchicine had a significant effect on the plant height, number of leaves, number of branches, mean of leaf length, stomata size and stomata density. The exposure times of colchicine also caused signifi cant changes in the plant height, number of branches, leaf width and length (P ≤ 0.01). Enhancement of colchicine concentration, significantly increased the above mentioned morphological traits, along with stomata size and rebaudioside-A, while significantly decreased stomata density in comparison to the control (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, the interaction of colchicine concentration and exposure time had a significant effect on leaf length. The findings of this study indicated that estimation of physiological changes and secondary metabolites amount is one of the effective methods in primary screening of polyploid plants in polyploidisation breeding program and flow cytometry is recommended to be used for accurate identification of ploidy level in Stevia rebaudiana.

Vascular Invasion as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Lymph Node Negative Invasive Breast Cancer

Rezaianzadeh, Abbas,Talei, Abdolrasoul,Rajaeefard, Abdereza,Hasanzadeh, Jafar,Tabatabai, Hamidreza,Tahmasebi, Sedigheh,Mousavizadeh, Ali Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.11

Introduction: Identification of simple and measurable prognostic factors is an important issue in treatment evaluation of breast cancer. The present study was conducted to evaluate the prognostic role of vascular invasion in lymph node negative breast cancer patients. Methods: in a retrospective design, we analyzed the recorded profiles of the 1,640 patients treated in the breast cancer department of Motahari clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran, from January 1999 to December 2012. Overall and adjusted survivals were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model. All the hypotheses were considered two-sided and a p-value of 0.05 or less was considered as statistically significant. Results: Mean age in lymph node negative and positive patients was 50.0 and 49.8 respectively. In lymph node negative patients, the number of nodes, tumor size, lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, progesterone receptor, and nuclear grade were significant predictors. In lymph node and lymphatic negative patients, vascular invasion also played a significant prognostic role in the survival which was not evident in lymph node negative patients with lymphatic invasion. Discussion: The results of our large cohort study, with long term follow up and using multivariate Cox proportional model and comparative design showed a significant prognostic role of vascular invasion in early breast cancer patients. Vascular invasion as an independent prognostic factor in lymph node negative invasive breast cancer.

Doubly conditional moment closure modelling for HCCI with temperature inhomogeneities

Salehi, Fatemeh,Talei, Mohsen,Hawkes, Evatt R.,Bhagatwala, Ankit,Chen, Jacqueline H.,Yoo, Chun Sang,Kook, Sanghoon Elsevier 2017 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol.36 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents a doubly conditional moment closure (DCMC) as an <I>a posteriori</I> predictive modelling tool for ignition of mixtures with large thermal stratification in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) conditions. Double conditioning is applied on enthalpy and its dissipation rate. The performance of the DCMC model is evaluated using a number of previously reported direct numerical simulations (DNSs) with various fuels. The DNSs modelled ignition of various lean homogeneous mixtures with a high level of temperature inhomogeneities. The selected cases exhibit a prevalence of deflagration mode of combustion as opposed to a spontaneous ignition-front mode, which has proven challenging for previous singly CMC. In all simulations, DCMC solver is run in a stand-alone mode with certain terms, such as the probability density functions of enthalpy and dissipation rate, being provided using the DNS input. The DCMC results are in a very good agreement with the DNS data, and are significantly improved compared with a singly conditional moment closure. A set of <I>a posteriori</I> DNS-DCMC tests is also performed to demonstrate importance of various terms in the doubly CMC equations. These tests first reveal that the effects of the cross dissipation and sources of enthalpy and dissipation rate (which lead to convective terms in conditional space) are insignificant and these terms can be safely neglected from the DCMC equations. The significance of this result is that the main unclosed models that would be needed for satisfactory results in a practical simulation of an engine would be the joint probably density function of enthalpy and its dissipation rate and the dissipation rate of dissipation rate.</P>

Conditional moment closure modelling for HCCI with temperature inhomogeneities

Salehi, F.,Talei, M.,Hawkes, E.R.,Yoo, C.S.,Lucchini, T.,D'Errico, G.,Kook, S. Elsevier 2015 Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Vol.35 No.3

This paper presents an approach for modelling combustion in homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) conditions based on the first order conditional moment closure (CMC) method. The model is implemented into the open source C++ computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code known as OpenFOAM. Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are used to evaluate the performance of the CFD-CMC solver. In the two-dimensional (2D) DNS cases, ignition of a lean n-heptane/air mixture with thermal inhomogeneities is simulated for nine cases, with two different mean temperatures and several different levels of thermal stratification. Results from the CFD-CMC solver are in excellent agreement with the DNS for cases which exhibit a spontaneous sequential ignition mode of combustion whereas for the cases in which a mixed mode of deflagration and spontaneous ignition exists, the CMC underpredicts the ignition delay. Further investigation using the DNS data demonstrates that this discrepancy is primarily attributed to the first order closure assumption. Conditional fluctuations are found to be more significant in the case with deflagrations. Further analysis of the DNS shows that scalar dissipation fluctuations are the cause of conditional fluctuations.

Lack of Prognostic Impact of Adjuvant Radiation on Oncologic Outcomes in Elderly Women with Breast Cancer

Omidvari, Shapour,Talei, Abdolrasoul,Tahmasebi, Sedigheh,Moaddabshoar, Leila,Dayani, Maliheh,Mosalaei, Ahmad,Ahmadloo, Niloofar,Ansari, Mansour,Mohammadianpanah, Mohammad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Background: Radiotherapy plays an important role as adjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer and in those patients who have undergone breast-conserving surgery. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of adjuvant radiation on oncologic outcomes in elderly women with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we reviewed and analyzed the characteristics, treatment outcome and survival of elderly women (aged ${\geq}60years$) with breast cancer who were treated and followed-up between 1993 and 2014. The median follow up for the surviving patients was 38 (range 3-207) months. Results: One hundred and seventy-eight patients with a median age of 74 (range 60-95) years were enrolled in the study. Of the total, 60 patients received postoperative adjuvant radiation (radiation group) and the remaining 118 did not (control group). Patients in the radiation group were significantly younger than those in the control group (P value=0.004). In addition, patients in radiation group had higher node stage (P value<0.001) and disease stage (P=0.003) and tended to have higher tumor grade (P=0.031) and received more frequent (P value<0.001) adjuvant and neoadjuvant chemotherapy compared to those in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between two groups regarding the local control, disease-free survival and overall survival rates. Conclusions: In this study, we did not find a prognostic impact for adjuvant radiation on oncologic outcomes in elderly women with breast cancer.

Agreement of Iranian Breast Cancer Data and Relationships with Measuring Quality of Care in a 5-year Period (2006-2011)

Keshtkaran, Ali,Sharifian, Roxana,Barzegari, Saeed,Talei, Abdolrasoul,Tahmasebi, Seddigheh Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Objectives: To investigate data agreement of cancer registries and medical records as well as the quality of care and assess their relationship in a 5-year period from 2006 to 2011. Methods: The present cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 443 cases summarized through census and using a checklist. Data agreement of Nemazi hospital-based cancer registry and the breast cancer prevention center was analyzed according to their corresponding medical records through adjusted and unadjusted Kappa. The process of care quality was also computed and the relationship with data agreement was investigated through chi-square test. Results: Agreement of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy data between Nemazi hospital-based cancer registry and medical records was 62.9%, 78.5%, and 81%, respectively, while the figures were 93.2%, 87.9%, and 90.8%, respectively, between breast cancer prevention center and medical records. Moreover, quality of mastectomy, lumpectomy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy services assessed in Nemazi hospital-based cancer registry was 12.6%, 21.2%, 35.2%, and 15.1% different from the corresponding medical records. On the other hand, 7.4%, 1.4%, 22.5%, and 9.6% differences were observed between the quality of the above-mentioned services assessed in the breast cancer prevention center and the corresponding medical records. A significant relationship was found between data agreement and quality assessment. Conclusion: Although the results showed good data agreement, more agreement regarding the cancer stage data elements and the type of the received treatment is required to better assess cancer care quality. Therefore, more structured medical records and stronger cancer registry systems are recommended.

Correlates of Lymphedema in Women with Breast Cancer: a Case Control Study in Shiraz, Southern Iran

Honarvar, Behnam,Sayar, Negin,Tahmasebi, Sedigheh,Zakeri, Zeinab,Talei, Asra,Rostami, Sara,Khademi, Sahar,Sarvestani, Amene Sabzi,Sekhavati, Eghbal Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.no.sup3

Globally, the burden of breast cancer (BC) continues to increase. BC related lymphedema (BCRL) is currently non curable and as a life time risk it affects at least 25% of BC patients. Knowing more about BCRL and appropriate control of its modifiable risk factors can improve quality of life (QOL) of the affected patients. In this case control study to detect factors, 400 women with BCRL (as the case group) and 283 patients with BC without lymphedema (as the control group) that were referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences affiliated BC clinic center were assessed. The data were analyzed in SPSS. The mean age of the case group was $52.3{\pm}11.0years$ and of the control group was $50.1{\pm}10.9years$. In patients with BCRL, 203(50.7%) had left (Lt) side BC and in non- lymphedema group 151 (53.3%) had Lt side BC. Out of all BCRL patients, 204 (51%) had lymphedema in all parts of their affected upper extremities, 100 (25%) had swelling in the arm and forearm and 23 (5.7%) had edema in both the upper extremity and trunk. Edema, heaviness, concern about changing body image, pain and paresthesia were the most common signs/symptoms among patients with BCRL. In BCRL patients, the difference of circumference between the affected upper limb and non-affected limb was $4.4{\pm}2.5cm$ and the difference in volume displacement was $528.7{\pm}374.4milliliters$. Multiple variable analysis showed that moderate to severe activity (OR; odds ratio =14, 95% CI :2.6-73.3), invasiveness of BC (OR =13.7, 95% CI :7.3-25.6), modified radical mastectomy (OR=4.3, 95% CI :2.3-7.9), BMI =>25 (OR=4.2, 95% CI :2-8.7), radiotherapy (OR=3.9, 95% CI :1.8-8.2), past history of limb damage (OR=1.7, 95% CI :0.9-3.1) and the number of excised lymph nodes (OR=1.06, 95% CI :1.02-1.09) were the significant predictors of lymphedema in women with BC. Modifiable risk factors of BCRL such as non-guided moderate to severe physical activity, high BMI and trauma to the limb should be controlled as early as possible in BC patients to prevent development of BCRL and improve QOL of these patients.

Pathological Profile of Patients with Breast Diseases in Shiraz

Rezaianzadeh, Abbas,Sepandi, Mojtaba,Akrami, Majid,Tabatabaee, Hamidreza,Rajaeefard, Abdolreza,Tahmasebi, Sedigheh,Talei, Abdolrasoul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

Background: Around 200,000 breast disorders are annually diagnosed all over the world. Fibrocystic changes are the most common breast disorder and fibroadenoma is the most prevalent benign breast tumor. The present study aimed to determine the spectrum, type and prevalence of breast masses in women referred to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences between 2004 and 2012. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on the diagnostic reports data. Results: A total of 640 samples were studied. Most 57.3% of masses were detected in the left breast, 65%, 28.2% and 6.1% of cases presenting with benign, malignant, and inflammatory lesions, respectively. Among all the samples the most prevalent diagnosis (37.7%) was fibroadenoma and fibrocystic lesions (17%). 174 samples (96% of the malignant cases) were invasive. 6.5% of the benign, and 37% of the malignant cases occurred in post menopause women and the differences were statistically significant. Among those with malignant tumors lymph nodes were involved in 25.6% of menopausal women and 44.2% of non-menopausal ones, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: Regular clinical breast examination beside mammographic follow-ups, especially during menopause, should be carried out as a priority and a national organized program should be designed for screening breast disorders.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors in Women Participating in a Breast Screening Program: a Study on 11,850 Iranian Females

Sepandi, Mojtaba,Akrami, Majid,Tabatabaee, Hamidreza,Rajaeefard, Abdolreza,Tahmasebi, Sedigheh,Angali, Kambiz Ahmadi,Rezaianzadeh, Abbas,Talei, Abdolrasoul Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.19

The incidence rate of breast cancer in developed countries is almost three-fold higher than in developing countries. Iran has had one of the lowest incidence rates for breast cancer in the world, but during the recent decades a marked increase has been seen. The purpose of this study was to investigate some established risk factors of breast cancer in Iranian women. A study of 11,850 women participating in abreast screening program was conducted. The 197 women diagnosed with breast cancer and 11,653 healthy women were compared. Logistic regression was performed to investigate associations of reproductive and anthropometric factors with breast cancer risk. Family history of breast cancer (OR=1.94, 95%CI=1.35-2.78), occupation (OR= 1.65,95%CI=1.20-2.25), education level (OR=0.50,95%CI=0.28-0.91), parity (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.12-0.59), menopausal status (OR=3.15, 95%CI=2.35-4.21), age at menarche (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.15-0.70), and age at the first pregnancy (OR=4.10, 95%CI=1.13-14.77) were related to the risk of breast cancer. Decrease in parity may to some extent explain the rising trend of incidence of breast cancer incidence in Iranian women.