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Circulating TNF receptors predict cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease
Bae, Eunjin,Cha, Ran-Hui,Kim, Yong C.,An, Jung N.,Kim, Dong K.,Yoo, Kyung D.,Lee, Su M.,Kim, Myoung-Hee,Park, Jung T.,Kang, Shin-Wook,Park, Jae Y.,Lim, Chun S.,Kim, Yon S.,Yang, Seung H.,Lee, Jung P. Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.19
<P>We prospectively recruited 984 patients with CKD from 11 centers between 2006 and 2012. The levels of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were determined by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years, 36 patients experienced a CVD event. The median serum concentrations of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were 2703.4 (225.6-13,057.7) and 5661.0 (634.9-30,599.6) pg/mL, respectively, and the cTNFR1 level was closely correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.86, P < .0001). The urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.67 for eGFR; P<.001 for all). Similar correlations were observed for serum cTNFR1 (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.75 for eGFR; P < .001 for all). In the Cox proportional hazard analyses, cTNFR1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.506, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.186-5.295, P=.016) and cTNFR2 (HR4.156, 95% CI 1.913-9.030, P < .001) predictedCVDrisk even after adjustment for clinical covariates, such as UPCR, eGFR, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. cTNFR1 and 2 are associated with CVD and other risk factors in CKD, independently of eGFR and UPCR. Furthermore, cTNFRs could be relevant predictors of CVD in CKD patients.</P>
E-beam lithography and electrodeposition fabrication of thick nanostructured devices
Lo, T N,Chen, Y T,Chiu, C W,Liu, C J,Wu, S R,Lin, I K,Su, C I,Chang, W D,Hwu, Y,Shew, B Y,Chiang, C C,Je, J H,Margaritondo, G Institute of Physics [etc.] 2007 Journal of Physics. D, Applied Physics Vol.40 No.10
<P>A nanofabrication approach based on advanced e-beam lithography and electrodeposition successfully produced high-resolution (≈40 nm line width) metal structures with high aspect ratio (>12) and high density. The combination of these characteristics is essential for hard-x-ray optical components such as zone plates, for x-ray lithography masks and for other devices.</P>
Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge
Felipe, T.,Collados, M.,Khomenko, E.,Kuckein, C.,Asensio Ramos, A.,Balthasar, H.,Berkefeld, T.,Denker, C.,Feller, A.,Franz, M.,Hofmann, A.,Joshi, J.,Kiess, C.,Lagg, A.,Nicklas, H.,Orozco Suá,rez EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Dietary Modification for Reducing Electrical Conductivity of Piggery Wastewater
Yu, I.T.,Su, J.J.,Wu, J.F.,Lee, S.L.,Ju, C.C.,Yen, H.T. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.9
A total of 108 pigs (including 36 starters, 36 growers, and 36 finishers) were randomly allocated to six treatments, which involved a 2 (Crude Protein (CP): 100 and 80% of control diet)${\times}$3 (Ca, P, Salt (CPS): 100, 80 and 60% of control diet) factorial design to evaluate the effectiveness of reducing CP and CPS in reducing wastewater EC in different stages. Another 72 starters were adopted to examine the effect of the six treatment diets (as mentioned above) on the growth performance of pigs. Activated carbon and Reverse Osmosis System (RO) were adopted to examine the reducing efficiency of wastewater EC, and ion analysis was also applied to compare with the wastewater EC in different stages of the metabolism trial. The results of wastewater EC of the six treatment diets in different stages of metabolism trial demonstrated that diminishing dietary CP or CPS decreased wastewater EC. The largest decrease of EC was approximately 30%, and was achieved with 20 and 40% reduced dietary CP and CPS, respectively. Pig growth performance deteriorated somewhat when dietary CP or CPS was diminished. Wastewater ion concentration was not always consistent with dietary CP or CPS content, except for $NO_2^{-}$, $NH_4^{+}$ and $K^{+}$, which were positively correlated with dietary CP or CPS in different stages. Activated carbon is not effective for reducing wastewater EC, while, RO system is effective (90% elimination rate) in reducing wastewater EC, but the EC of concentrated (excreted) water is around 10% higher than that of intact wastewater, representing an additional problem besides the high cost of RO system treatment.
Quintero Noda, C.,Villanueva, G. L.,Katsukawa, Y.,Solanki, S. K.,Orozco Suá,rez, D.,Ruiz Cobo, B.,Shimizu, T.,Oba, T.,Kubo, M.,Anan, T.,Ichimoto, K.,Suematsu, Y. Springer-Verlag 2018 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.610 No.-
<P>Of the two solar lines, K I<I>D</I>1 and <I>D</I>2, almost all attention so far has been devoted to the <I>D</I>1 line, as <I>D</I>2 is severely affected by an O2 atmospheric band. This, however, makes the latter appealing for balloon and space observations from above (most of) the Earth’s atmosphere. We estimate the residual effect of the O2 band on the K I<I>D</I>2 line at altitudes typical for stratospheric balloons. Our aim is to study the feasibility of observing the 770 nm window. Specifically, this paper serves as a preparation for the third flight of the Sunrise balloon-borne observatory. The results indicate that the absorption by O2 is still present, albeit much weaker, at the expected balloon altitude. We applied the obtained O2 transmittance to K I<I>D</I>2 synthetic polarimetric spectra and found that in the absence of line-of-sight motions, the residual O2 has a negligible effect on the K I<I>D</I>2 line. On the other hand, for Doppler-shifted K I<I>D</I>2 data, the residual O2 might alter the shape of the Stokes profiles. However, the residual O2 absorption is sufficiently weak at stratospheric levels that it can be divided out if appropriate measurements are made, something that is impossible at ground level. Therefore, for the first time with Sunrise III, we will be able to perform polarimetric observations of the K I<I>D</I>2 line and, consequently, we will have improved access to the thermodynamics and magnetic properties of the upper photosphere from observations of the K I lines.</P>
Yu, Jong-Su,Kim, Inyoung,Kim, Jung-Su,Jo, Jeongdai,Larsen-Olsen, Thue T,Søndergaard, Roar R,Hö,sel, Markus,Angmo, Dechan,Jørgensen, Mikkel,Krebs, Frederik C RSC Pub 2012 Nanoscale Vol.4 No.19
<P>Semitransparent front electrodes for polymer solar cells, that are printable and roll-to-roll processable under ambient conditions using different approaches, are explored in this report. The excellent smoothness of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes has traditionally been believed to be difficult to achieve using printed front grids, as surface topographies accumulate when processing subsequent layers, leading to shunts between the top and bottom printed metallic electrodes. Here we demonstrate how aqueous nanoparticle based silver inks can be employed as printed front electrodes using several different roll-to-roll techniques. We thus compare hexagonal silver grids prepared using either roll-to-roll inkjet or roll-to-roll flexographic printing. Both inkjet and flexo grids present a raised topography and were found to perform differently due to only the conductivity of the obtained silver grid. The raised topographies were compared with a roll-to-roll thermally imprinted grid that was filled with silver in a roll-to-roll process, thus presenting an embedded topography. The embedded grid and the flexo grid were found to perform equally well, with the flexographic technique currently presenting the fastest processing and the lowest silver use, whereas the embedded grid presents the maximally achievable optical transparency and conductivity. Polymer solar cells were prepared in the same step, using roll-to-roll slot-die coating of zinc oxide as the electron transport layer, poly-3-hexylthiophene:phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) as the active layer and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the top electrode, along with a flat bed screen printed silver grid. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) obtained for large area devices (6 cm(2)) was 1.84%, 0.79% and 1.72%, respectively, for thermally imprinted, inkjet and flexographic silver grids, tested outside under the real sun. Central to all three approaches was that they employed environmentally friendly solvents, i.e. water based nanoparticle silver inks.</P>