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Data Hiding approach based on Eight-Queens Problem and Pixel Mapping Method
Abhishek Bansal,Sunil Kumar Muttoo,Vinay Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.7 No.5
A new steganographic algorithm is presented using pixel mapping method based on eight queens and number of ones in pixel intensity value. In our method, we are sequentially selecting 81 pixel blocks to embed message bit. The method works with randomizing the bit selection in the 81 pixel block using eight queens’ solutions. This approach finds relationship between secret message and cover image according to the pixel mapping table. In this paper, we have presented a secure image steganography technique with acceptable levels of imperceptibility and distortion in the cover image. In presenting algorithm, security is considered by the randomize selection of eight queen’s solutions based on a seed value. The presented algorithm not only provides high level security, but also produces high capacity and good imperceptibility. The algorithm has been tested with different image file formats like BMP, TIFF and PNG.
Sunil Kumar,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10
A viral histone H4 (=CpBV-H4) is encoded in a polydnavirus, Cotesia plutellae bracovirus, and symbiotically associated with an endoparasitoid wasp, C. plutellae. It has an extended N-terminal tail consisting of 38 amino acid residues, compared to the host H4 and this extended N-terminal tail has been postulated to play a crucial role in an epigenetic control of gene expression. The (SSH) suppression subtractive hybridization analysis was analyzed in transcriptome by short-read sequencing technology. The SSH analysis provided several target and nontarget genes of a viral histone H4. In this study, we analyzed the effect CpBV-H4 on the expression of two target genes serpins and histone lysine N-methyl transferase. Transient expression of CpBV-H4 by microinjecting recombinant expression vector to non parasitized larvae of Plutella xylostella showed that it was expressed up to 70 h. Under this transient expression condition, we analyzed the effect of CpBV-H4 on the expression of target genes by RT-PCR at different time points. Interestingly, the CpBV-H4 significantly inhibited the expression of target genes after 44 h, while the truncated CpBV-H4 deleting the N-terminal tail did not show the inhibitory activity.
Kumar, Munesh,Kumar, Manish,Saleem, Sajid,Prasad, Sunil,Rajwar, G.S. Institute of Forest Science 2013 Journal of Forest Science Vol.29 No.3
The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of transitional boundary on community composition and soil carbon stock. Five vegetation types were recognized horizontally along the transitional strip based on the dominance of tree species i.e., Pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica forest (M.PR&LC), pure Pinus roxburghii forest (P.PR), mixed Pinus roxburghii and Lannea coromandelica (M.PR&LC) and pure Anogeissus latifolia forest (P.AL). The results revealed that Anogeissus latifolia was reported dominant tree in the outer transitional boundaries of the forest, which reduced dominance of trees towards middle where Pinus roxburghii was found dominant. The soil carbon stock was reported higher in the Anogeissus latifolia dominant forest and reduced with the dominance of Pinus roxburghii in the middle site. Both the species are growing close to one another and competing for survival, but the aggressive nature of Anogeissus latifolia particular in this region may change new growth of Pinus roxburghii and will enhance soil carbon stock. But high anthropogenic pressure on Anogeissus latifolia tree species could be limited chance to further its flourish.
Sunil Kumar Gupta,Kailash Chandra 국립중앙과학관 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.10 No.1
The paper presents the distributional record of the Orthoptera fauna of Achanakmar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India. Thirty-three species pertaining to 30 genera under five families are reported. The habitus photographs and map is provided for the first time.
Sunil Kumar,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04
Histone H4 is a protein subunit of nucleosomes in eukaryotes and play crucial roles in DNA package and in regulation of gene expression by covalent modification. A viral histone H4 is encoded in a polydnavirus called Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV). The viral H4 (CpBV-H4) is highly homologous with other H4 proteins except 38 extended residues in N terminus. Its expression alters insect gene expression and suppresses immune and development. In this study, CpBV-H4 was expressed in a natural host, Plutella xylostella, and its suppressive activity on host gene expression was detected by suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. SSH targets, of which expressions were down-regulated by CpBV-H4, were read by 454 pyrosequencing and annotated using the published P. xylostella whole genome. Resulting targets were assigned to most GO functional categories. Two chromatin remodeling factors were included in the SSH targets. Lysine demethylase (Px-KDM) of P. xylostella was highly expressed during entire larval period in all tested tissues. However, the suppression of Px-KDM expression by a specific RNA interference (RNAi) did not affect immune response, but significantly impaired the larval development. SWI/SNF of P. xylostella (Px-SWI/SNF) was expressed in all developmental stages. Its RNAi did not affect larval development, but led to significant alteration in adult metamorphosis. CpBV-H4 suppressed expressions of both Px-KDM and Px-SWI/SNF, but its truncated mutant lacking in the extended N-terminal tail did not. These results suggest that the developmental alteration in P. xylostella parasitized by C. plutellae can be caused by an epigenetic control of CpBV-H4 against chromatin remodeling factors.
Sunil Kumar,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2014 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Cotesia plutellae, an endoparasitoids braconid wasp, possesses a polydnaviruses (PDVs) called Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) that encodes viral histone H4 (= CpBV-H4). This viral histone H4 shares high sequence homology (82.5%) with host`s H4 of P.xylostella, except an extended N-terminal tail consisting of 38 amino acid residues with nine lysines. Its extended N-terminal tail has been postulated to play a crucial role in suppressing host immunity, growth and development-associated genes, presumably through an epigenetic control mechanism. A suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) analysis was analyzed in transcriptome by short-read sequencing technology and provided several target and non-target genes of a viral histone H4. In this study, we analyzed the effect CpBV-H4 on the expression of two target genes: Lysine-specific demethylase (KDM) and Serine proteinase inhibitor (Serpins). Transient expression of CpBV-H4 into non parasitized P. xylostella was performed by microinjection of a recombinant expression vector, and showed the expression up to 70 h. Under this transient expression condition, we analyzed the effect of CpBV-H4 on the expression of target genes by RT-PCR at different time points. Interestingly, the CpBV-H4 significantly inhibited the expression of these target genes, while the truncated CpBV-H4 deleting the N-terminal tail did not show this inhibitory effect. This study also showed that the viral histone H4 suppresses expressions of lysine-specific demethylase and serine proteinase inhibitor (Serpin2) to inhibit host growth and development.
Kumar, Sunil,Dhillon, Santosh,Singh, Dharam,Singh, Randhir The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed $K_{m}$ values of 25 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M and 1.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 5$0^{\circ}C$ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27 % and 73 %, respectively, while M $n^{2+}$ inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, $Ca^{2+}$ and C $u^{2+}$ had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like $H_2O$$_2$ and Na $N_3$ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD. of SOD.
Sunil Kumar Gupta,Jaya Gupta,Shashi Rashmi Acharya,Amber Ather 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2013 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.43 No.2
Double tooth is a dental anomaly consequent to fusion of two or more teeth or gemination of a single tooth. This report describes a unique case of double tooth in relation to a mandibular lateral incisor exhibiting the presence of four root canals. The role of conventional radiograhpy and advanced three-dimensional imaging techniques in the better assessment of comples root canal systems and their and in endodontic management has also been highlighted.