http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Hong, Sungwook,Seo, Hwa-Jeong,Kwon, Young-Joo AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY 2016 Journal of atmospheric and oceanic technology Vol.33 No.7
<P>This study proposes a sea surface wind speed retrieval algorithm (the Hong wind speed algorithm) for use in rainy and rain-free conditions. It uses a combination of satellite-observed microwave brightness temperatures, sea surface temperatures, and horizontally polarized surface reflectivities from the fast Radiative Transfer for TOVS (RTTOV), and surface and atmospheric profiles from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Regression relationships between satellite-observed brightness temperature and satellite-simulated brightness temperatures, satellite-simulated brightness temperatures, rough surface reflectivities, and between sea surface roughness and sea surface wind speed are derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR-2). Validation results of sea surface wind speed between the proposed algorithm and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) data show that the estimated bias and RMSE for AMSR-2 6.925- and 10.65-GHz bands are 0.09 and 1.13 m s(-1), and -0.52 and 1.21 m s(-1), respectively. Typhoon intensities such as the current intensity (CI) number, maximum wind speed, and minimum pressure level based on the proposed technique (the Hong technique) are compared with best-track data from the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies (CIMSS) for 13 typhoons that occurred in the northeastern Pacific Ocean throughout 2012. Although the results show good agreement for low-and medium-range typhoon intensities, the discrepancy increases with typhoon intensity. Consequently, this study provides a useful retrieval algorithm for estimating sea surface wind speed, even during rainy conditions, and for analyzing characteristics of tropical cyclones.</P>
Polarization Conversion for Specular Components of Surface Reflection
IEEE 2013 IEEE geoscience and remote sensing letters Vol.10 No.6
<P>Certain characteristics of a material such as the surface reflectivities can be determined even without knowledge of its internal properties. In this letter, a direct relationship (Azzam relationship) and an analytical approximation (Azzam-Sohn-Hong (ASH) approximation) between the vertically and horizontally polarized reflectivities of specular surfaces are derived and validated using the refractive indices of water and metal in a variety of spectral regions. For the purpose of practical remote applications, land, sea water, sea ice, and oil surfaces are considered and compared using the Hong and ASH approximations. Consequently, ASH approximation has an advantage in a variety of spectral bands for materials with a small imaginary part of refractive index, while the Hong approximation does well in the microwave spectral region, or when the imaginary part of the reflective index is not neglected. Thus, a combination of the Hong and ASH approximations is suggested to improve upon previous studies that used only the Hong approximation in a variety of applications.</P>