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대화형 SNS를 구현하기 위한 실시간 립싱크 및 표정 생성 시스템 연구
한성호(SungHo Han),최미임(MiIm Choi),조형제(HyungJe Cho) 한국애니메이션학회 2011 애니메이션연구 Vol.7 No.2
대화형 SNS(Social Network Service)는 기존의 채팅 위주의 SNS가 아닌 음성으로 온라인상에서 실시간 커뮤니케이션이 구현될 수 있는 새로운 개념의 SNS의 한 형태이다. 본 연구는 대화형 SNS에서 구현되는 오프라인(Off-line)에서 존재하는 실제 사람(유저)의 다양한 표정 및 음성을 가상공간 내의 사이버 3D 캐릭터(아바타)가 실시간으로 따라하는 립싱크 애니메이션(Lip-sync Animation) 및 표정 애니메이션(Facial Animation)을 구현시켜 주는 시스템을 연구하였다. 이 시스템은 온라인상의 캐릭터가 현실세계(오프라인)상의 실제 사람이 느끼고 있는 감정이 표현된 표정이나 말하고 있는 입의 모양 등을 화면으로 캡처해서 영상처리(Image Processing)하는 것이 아닌 음성 및 의미를 순수하게 음성처리(Sound Processing)를 통해 실시간으로 구현하는 방법이다. 이를 구현하기 위해 실제 사람이 소리를 내기 위해서 입모양을 변형할 때 입술이 바로 움직일 수 없는 점에 착안하여 가상공간에서도 3D캐릭터의 입술모양을 만들 때 3차원 도형 간의 변형을 조절하는 변수에 관성의 법칙(The Law of Inertia)을 적용하였다. 또한 3D캐릭터의 입모양의 변형을 자연스럽게 하기 위하여 일반적인 몰핑개념에 물리적인 3D 객체 혼합기(Object Blender)를 적용하였다. 사람과 유사한 발음(Sound) 모양을 내기 위한 간략한 방법으로는 먼저, 사용자가 말을 하게 되면 그 말을 음성인식을 통해 문자 정보를 얻어오고 립싱크 및 얼굴 표정데이터에서 원본 객체(Object)와 대상 객체(Object)를 섞기 위한 준비(몰핑 데이터 준비)를 한 다음 마지막으로 문자에 맞게 캐릭터의 입모양과 표정을 연출하며 음성합성으로 문자를 소리로 변환하여 발성시킨다. 상기의 방법 등을 통해 구현된 립싱크 및 표정 생성 시스템은 일반인들에게 감동과 깊은 인상을 줄 뿐만 아니라 정보를 전달하는데 있어 훨씬 용이하며 앞으로 대중화될 대화형 SNS나 SNG 등에서 다양한 형태로 활용되고 구현될 것이다. Dialogue Social Network Service (SNS) is not a traditional SNS utilizing chatting, but an advanced form of SNS utilizing real-time voice communication over the Internet. The aim of this study is to study the real-time lip-sync and facial animation making system, a system of lip-sync animation and facial animation that would enable cyber 3D characters to mimick the offline users’ voice and facial movement, in dialogue SNS. The real-time lip-sync and facial making system is a system which enable cyber 3D characters to mimick the offline users’ voice and facial movement through sound processing, not by image processing. In order to make it real, the law of inertia was applied when the lip animation of a 3D character. The physical 3D Object Blender was applied to general morphing concept to make the change smoother. In order to make similar sounds to humans, in real-time lip-sync and facial making system, first it prints out the saved data after receiving occurred letter information. Then, do the facial signal process, and prepare to mix original object with objective object. Finally, stage the character’s facial animation. The real-time lip-sync and facial making system explained above is easier to transfer the information, gives better impressions to general public, and is expected to be used more when it comes to real-time voice communication. The purpose of this study is to explore real-time lip-sync and facial making system in which cyber characters deliver lip-sync-animation, synchronization of facial expressions and voice of real people in real-time at off-line. Lipsync-animation delivered by impersonated movement, facial expressions and voice of 3D cyber characters provide the public with greater impressions and easier access to the information by making the images more real than 2D images. Therefore, it will be a lot easier to make Real-Time Lip-sync and Facial Making System public in the form of SNS (Social Network Service).
Han, Young-Eun,Lim, Ajin,Park, Sun-Hyun,Chang, Sunghoe,Lee, Suk-Ho,Ho, Won-Kyung Nature Publishing Group 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.10
<P>AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a metabolic sensor activated during metabolic stress and it regulates various enzymes and cellular processes to maintain metabolic homeostasis. We previously reported that activation of AMPK by glucose deprivation (GD) and leptin increases K<SUB>ATP</SUB> currents by increasing the surface levels of K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channel proteins in pancreatic β-cells. Here, we show that the signaling mechanisms that mediate actin cytoskeleton remodeling are closely associated with AMPK-induced K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channel trafficking. Using F-actin staining with Alexa 633-conjugated phalloidin, we observed that dense cortical actin filaments present in INS-1 cells cultured in 11 m<SMALL>M</SMALL> glucose were disrupted by GD or leptin treatment. These changes were blocked by inhibiting AMPK using compound C or siAMPK and mimicked by activating AMPK using AICAR, indicating that cytoskeletal remodeling induced by GD or leptin was mediated by AMPK signaling. AMPK activation led to the activation of Rac GTPase and the phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (MRLC). AMPK-dependent actin remodeling induced by GD or leptin was abolished by the inhibition of Rac with a Rac inhibitor (NSC23766), siRac1 or siRac2, and by inhibition of myosin II with a myosin ATPase inhibitor (blebbistatin). Immunocytochemistry, surface biotinylation and electrophysiological analyses of K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channel activity and membrane potentials revealed that AMPK-dependent K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channel trafficking to the plasma membrane was also inhibited by NSC23766 or blebbistatin. Taken together, these results indicate that AMPK/Rac-dependent cytoskeletal remodeling associated with myosin II motor function promotes the translocation of K<SUB>ATP</SUB> channels to the plasma membrane in pancreatic β-cells.</P>
Han, HyungSuk,Lee, KyungHyun,Park, SungHo,Park, Seonghun,Song, MyongKen Elsevier 2015 Engineering failure analysis Vol.48 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In order to protect bolts from corrosion, electroplating such as zinc plating is widely used. However, hydrogen can easily penetrate or diffuse into the vacancies and dislocations between the lattices of bolt steel during electroplating. As the diffused hydrogen defects inside the lattice are in gaseous form, small cracks can easily be produced due to high pressure from the hydrogen gas. In this research, in order to determine the root cause of the fracture in pole fastening screws resulting from hydrogen embrittlement in typical electric motors, additional factors that accelerate hydrogen embrittlement fracture were selectively applied, including a small fillet in the head–shank transition and excessive hardness, and parametric study was performed experimentally.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fatigue limit of the test bolt is reduced about 8% after zinc electroplating without baking. </LI> <LI> Fatigue limit is reduced about 51% for high hardness bolt with small fillet and without baking. </LI> <LI> Baking time, hardness and fillet can affect the life reduction of bolt with hydrogen embrittlement. </LI> </UL> </P>
한상윤,강성호 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1996 논문집 Vol.28 No.1
Due to the increases in the size and complexity of circuits to be tested, reducing test time and improving fault coverage are major problems in the testing. To overcome these problems, several heuristics and techniques aiming at a further improvement of ATPG are presented. An efficient algorithm is developed using an improved learning technique to achieve high fault coverage and test compaction technique is used to reduce test pattern length. Several experiments using ISCAS 85 benchmark circuits demonstrate the efficiency of this system.
Parallelized Network-on-Chip-Reused Test Access Mechanism for Multiple Identical Cores
Han, Taewoo,Choi, Inhyuk,Oh, Hyunggoy,Kang, Sungho IEEE 2016 IEEE transactions on computer-aided design of inte Vol.35 No.7
<P>This paper proposes a new network-on-chip (NoC)-reused test access mechanism (TAM) for testing multiple identical cores. It can test multiple cores concurrently and identify faulty cores to derate the chip by excluding the core. In order to minimize the test time, the TAM utilizes the majority value of test response data. All of the cores can thereby be tested in parallel and test costs (in both test pins and test time) are exactly the same as those for a single core. The hardware overhead is minimized by reusing the NoC infrastructures and transfer-counters are designed as a majority analyzer. The experimental results in this paper show that the proposed TAM can test multiple cores in the same time as a single core and with negligible hardware overhead.</P>