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Sundar, R,Huang, K K,Qamra, A,Kim, K -M,Kim, S T,Kang, W K,Tan, A L K,Lee, J,Tan, P Oxford University Press 2019 Annals of oncology Vol.30 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P><B>Background</B></P><P>Utilization of alternative transcription start sites through alterations in epigenetic promoter regions causes reduced expression of immunogenic N-terminal peptides, which may facilitate immune evasion in early gastric cancer. We hypothesized that tumors with high alternate promoter utilization would be resistant to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic gastric cancer.</P><P><B>Patients and methods</B></P><P>Two cohorts of patients with metastatic gastric cancer treated with immunotherapy were analyzed. The first cohort (<I>N </I>=<I> </I>24) included patients treated with either nivolumab or pembrolizumab. Alternate promoter utilization was measured using the NanoString<SUP>®</SUP> (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA) platform on archival tissue samples. The second cohort was a phase II clinical trial of patients uniformly treated with pembrolizumab (<I>N </I>=<I> </I>37). Fresh tumor biopsies were obtained, and transcriptomic analysis was carried out on RNAseq data. Alternate promoter utilization was correlated to T-cell cytolytic activity, objective response rate and survival.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In the first cohort 8 of 24 (33%) tumors were identified to have high alternate promoter utilization (AP<SUB>high</SUB>), and this was used to define the AP<SUB>high</SUB> tertile of the second cohort (13 AP<SUB>high</SUB> of 37). AP<SUB>high</SUB> tumors exhibited decreased markers of T-cell cytolytic activity and lower response rates (8% versus 42%, <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.03). Median progression-free survival was lower in the AP<SUB>high</SUB> group (55 versus 180 days, <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.0076). In multivariate analysis, alternative promoter utilization was an independent predictor of immunotherapy survival [hazard ratio 0.29, 95% confidence interval 0.099–0.85, <I>P </I>=<I> </I>0.024). Analyzing tumoral evolution through paired pre-treatment and post-treatment biopsies, we observed consistent shifts in alternative promoter utilization rate associated with clinical response.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>A substantial proportion of metastatic gastric cancers utilize alternate promoters as a mechanism of immune evasion, and these tumors may be resistant to anti-PD1 immune checkpoint inhibition. Alternate promoter utilization is thus a potential mechanism of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition, and a novel predictive biomarker for immunotherapy.</P><P><B>Trial Registration</B></P><P>ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT#02589496</P>
Sundar Kaushik,Paulraj Sabharisundarvel,Choudhury Shuvro Roy,Hassan Haseeb,Sengupta Judhajit,Pattari Sanjib Kumar 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.1
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare clinical entity, with clinical presentations extending from headache and seizures to coma and death. For adults developing progressive neurological worsening despite adequate medical management, endovascular thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy may be considered as treatment options. We present one such patient with CVT who developed seizures and slipped into a coma, despite best medical management. A large-bore aspiration catheter was used as a standalone system for the endovascular procedure. The venous sinuses were successfully re-canalized. The patient was discharged a week later with a modified Rankin scale of 2. Studies show that endovascular thrombolysis used alone or in conjunction with thrombectomy for CVT has a higher risk of hemorrhagic complications. If we were to use mechanical thrombectomy devices (that are specifically designed for intracranial clot retrieval) as a stand-alone system, we would probably have better clinical outcomes with a lower risk of hemorrhagic complications.
Sundar, S. Shyam,Bellur, Saraswathi,Oh, Jeeyun,Jia, Haiyan,Kim, Hyang-Sook SAGE Publications 2016 COMMUNICATION RESEARCH - Vol.43 No.5
<P>A critical determinant of message interactivity is the presence of contingency, that is, the messages we receive are contingent upon the messages we send, leading to a threaded loop of interdependent messages. While this “conversational ideal” is easily achieved in face-to-face and computer-mediated communications (CMC), imbuing contingency in human-computer interaction (HCI) is a challenge. We propose two interface features—interaction history and synchronous chat—for increasing perceptions of contingency, and therefore user engagement. We test it with a five-condition, between-participants experiment (<I>N</I> = 110) on a movie search site. Data suggest that interaction history can indeed heighten perceptions of contingency and dialogue, but is perceived as less interactive than chatting. However, the chat function does not appreciably increase perceived contingency or user engagement, both of which are shown to mediate the effects of message interactivity on attitudes toward the site. Theoretical implications for interactivity research and practical implications for interaction design are discussed.</P>
Ricci solitons and Ricci almost solitons on para-Kenmotsu manifold
Dhriti Sundar Patra 대한수학회 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.5
The purpose of this article is to study the Ricci solitons and Ricci almost solitons on para-Kenmotsu manifold. First, we prove that if a para-Kenmotsu metric represents a Ricci soliton with the soliton vector field $V$ is contact, then it is Einstein and the soliton is shrinking. Next, we prove that if a $\eta$-Einstein para-Kenmotsu metric represents a Ricci soliton, then it is Einstein with constant scalar curvature and the soliton is shrinking. Further, we prove that if a para-Kenmotsu metric represents a gradient Ricci almost soliton, then it is $\eta$-Einstein. This result is also hold for Ricci almost soliton if the potential vector field $V$ is pointwise collinear with the Reeb vector field $\xi$.
Charles Sundar Vicas,Namratha Keerthiraj,Nayan Byrappa,Kullaiah Byrappa 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.4
One-pot hydrothermal route was adopted to synthesize Al:BiVO4, at 4 h and 8 h reaction durations, by adding 1% aluminiumoxide powder (w/v) to the precursors. The products were investigated using several characterization techniques that conform a significant morphological change and a decrease in bandgap energy of the materials upon Al modification of scheelite monoclinic bismuth vanadate matrix at both hydrothermal durations. Antibacterial experiments were performed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in visible light condition to harness the photoxidation property of Al-doped BiVO₄ and compare to that of unaltered BiVO₄. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the synthesized materials was identified. The results indicate that Al-doping on BiVO₄ has a significant effect on its photocatalytic antibacterial performance. Al:BiVO₄ synthesized at 8 h hydrothermal treatment parades excellent sunlight-driven photocatalysis compared to the one synthesized at 4 h.
Tiwari Sundar,Sharma Sheela,Wratten Stephen D. 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3
Radish, Raphanus sativus is an important vegetable crop worldwide. It is the second most important vegetable after cabbage and cauliflower in winter (January to March) in Nepal. This crop is damaged by various herbivores such as the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, the soybean hairy caterpillar, Spilarctia casigneta and the flea beetle, Monolepta signata. Prophylactic pesticide use is a part of the common pest management practice in Nepal. The candidate floral plant, alyssum, Lobularia maritima, was deployed in a radish field to improve pest biological control. Beneficial arthropods trapped such as Syrphidae, Coccinellidae, Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Formicidae, Lycosidae, Apidae and Ichneumonidae were significantly more abundant in flowering alyssum plots than the control (non-flowering) plots. Flowering alyssum in radish fields significantly increases the population of observed syrphids (larva and adult). Similarly observed ladybirds was slightly higher in flowering plot compared with control plot however that was not significant. These beneficial predators potentially increase the biological control of M. persicae. These results provide evidence of the alyssum’s ability to increase the abundance of predators and support the suppression of M. persicae in radishes. This study is useful in developing an integrated pest management protocol by integrating flowering strips in radish fields. Habitat manipulation in radish fields by maintaining flower strips can improve pest biological control and support the provision of multiple ecosystem services that restore diminished ecosystem functions in agriculture.