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- 저자 : Strady, Emilie (검색결과 2 건)
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Strady, Emilie,Kim, Intae,Radakovitch, Olivier,Kim, Guebuem Elsevier 2015 CHEMOSPHERE - Vol.119 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Rare earth element (REE) concentrations were measured for the first time in plankton from the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. The REE concentrations in phytoplankton (60–200μm) were 5–15 times higher than those in four size fractions of zooplankton: 200–500μm, 500–1000μm, 1000–2000μm and >2000μm. The concentrations within these zooplankton fractions exhibited the same ranges with some variation attributed to differences in zooplankton taxonomy. The REE concentrations in plankton were poorly related to the reported REE concentrations of seawater, but they correlated well with the calculated REE<SUP>3+</SUP>, concentrations especially with regard to middle REE (MREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs). Plankton and seawater revealed different PAAS-normalised REE distributions, with the greatest differences observed in the light REEs. Interestingly, a comparison of PAAS-normalized sediment particles from the study of Fowler et al. (1992) showed concentrations of the same order of magnitude and a similar REE distribution without MREE enrichment. Based on this comparison, we propose a conceptual model that emphasizes the importance of biological scavenging of REEs (especially LREEs) in surface waters.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> REE concentrations were measured for the first time in plankton from Mediterranean Sea. </LI> <LI> REE concentrations in plankton were poorly related to the reported REE concentrations of seawater. </LI> <LI> REE concentrations in plankton correlated well with calculated free REE(III). </LI> <LI> PAAS–REE concentrations are in the same order of magnitude than PAAS-normalized sediment particles. </LI> <LI> PAAS–REE concentrations have similar distribution than PAAS-normalized sediment particles except MREE. </LI> </UL> </P>
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Mascia, Tiziana,Cillo, Fabrizio,Fanelli, Vilma,Finetti-Sialer, Mariella Matilde,De Stradis, Angelo,Palukaitis, Peter,Gallitelli, Donato APS Press 2010 Molecular plant-microbe interactions Vol.23 No.11
<P>Mixed infection with the SON41 strain of Potato virus Y (PVY-SON41) in tomato increased accumulation of RNAs of strains Fny and LS of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV-Fny and CMV-LS, respectively) and enhanced disease symptoms. By contrast, replication of PVY-SON41 was downregulated by CMV-Fny and this was due to the CMV-Fny 2b protein. The CMV-FnyΔ2b mutant was unable to systemically invade the tomato plant because its movement was blocked at the bundle sheath of the phloem. The function needed for invading the phloem was complemented by PVY-SON41 in plants grown at 22°C whereas this complementation was not necessary in plants grown at 15°C. Mutations in the 2b protein coding sequence of CMV-Fny as well as inhibition of translation of the 2a/2b overlapping region of the 2a protein lessened both the accumulation of viral RNAs and the severity of symptoms. Both of these functions were complemented by PVY-SON41. Infection of CMV-Fny supporting replication of the Tfn-satellite RNA reduced the accumulation of CMV RNA and suppressed symptom expression also in plants mixed-infected with PVY-SON41. The interaction between CMV and PVY-SON41 in tomato exhibited different features from that documented in other hosts. The results of this work are relevant from an ecological and epidemiological perspective due to the frequency of natural mixed infection of CMV and PVY in tomato.</P>
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