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Quan, Li Na,Jang, Yoon Hee,Stoerzinger, Kelsey A.,May, Kevin J.,Jang, Yu Jin,Kochuveedu, Saji Thomas,Shao-Horn, Yang,Kim, Dong Ha The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Physical chemistry chemical physics Vol.16 No.19
<P>Hierarchically organized mesoporous carbon–TiO<SUB>2</SUB> inverse opal nanostructures were synthesized by complementary colloid and block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly, where the triblock copolymer P123 acts simultaneously as the template and the carbon source. Highly ordered mesoporous inverse opal nanostructures with a nano-textured surface morphology and multiple-length scale nanopores provide increased light-activated surface area and scattering effects, leading to enhanced photoabsorption efficiency and the transport of matter. UV-vis absorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky measurement studies show that incorporation of carbon moieties into TiO<SUB>2</SUB><I>via</I> direct conversion of BCPs creates a new energy level above the valence band of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>, resulting in an effective decrease in the band gap. A significantly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity was demonstrated for the mesoporous carbon–TiO<SUB>2</SUB> inverse opals in terms of the degradation of <I>p</I>-nitrophenol (∼79%) and photoelectrochemical water splitting (∼0.087%).</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A significantly enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity was demonstrated for highly ordered mesoporous carbon–TiO<SUB>2</SUB> inverse opal nanostructures. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4cp00803k'> </P>