Modeling Noise Generated by Industrial Chiller Systems Using a Hybrid Statistical Energy Simulation Based on Experimental and Finite Element Methods

Wells, Stephen Matthew The Pennsylvania State University ProQuest Dissert 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Solar radiation processes on the East Antarctic Plateau: Interaction of clouds, snow, and atmospheric gases

Hudson, Stephen R University of Washington 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of snow was measured from a 32-meter tower at Dome C, at latitude 75°S on the East Antarctic Plateau. These measurements were made at 96 solar zenith angles between 51° and 87°, and cover wavelengths 350--2400 nm, over the full range of viewing geometry. Parameterizations are presented for the anisotropic reflectance factor using a small number of empirical orthogonal functions. The parameterizations cover nearly all viewing angles and are applicable to the high parts of the Antarctic Plateau that have small surface roughness. It has been a long-standing puzzle why clouds, which should interact with solar radiation similarly to a thin layer of snow, have such a dramatic effect on the reflectance observed by satellites over snow-covered regions. The presence of a cloud over the snow strongly enhances the anisotropy of the scene; by contrast, when a plane-parallel cloud is placed above a plane-parallel snow surface in a model, it slightly decreases the anisotropy of the system due to the cloud's smaller particles. Using the surface-reflectance parameterizations, I show that this effect of clouds over snow is due to the non-plane-parallel nature of the snow surface, not to unexpected features of the clouds. The snow-surface roughness reduces the anisotropy of the reflected sunlight compared to that from a plane-parallel snow surface. Clouds hide this roughness with a surface that is very smooth in units of optical depth. I use the surface parameterization to accurately model reflectance observations made from above cloud-covered snow. I also use these parameterizations in a model to calculate the directional reflectance above Dome C, integrated over the solar spectrum, for comparison with observations from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). These comparisons suggest that the CERES radiances may be biased low, by about 5%, but that the anisotropic reflectance factors used by CERES to convert radiance to flux are appropriate for use over the region. A study of the effect of atmospheric variations on anisotropy suggests this is not likely to introduce significant uncertainty into CERES results.

Hegel's critique of Kant's standpoint of finitude

Addison, Daniel Stephen University of Pittsburgh 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

My central aims here are (1) to explicate and defend the claim made by Hegel and other post-Kantians that there is a contradiction at the heart of Kant's theoretical philosophy, and (2) to provide insight into the nature of Hegel's system by seeing how it is formed in response to this real problem in Kant. Kant is committed to a real contradiction, I claim, with his appeal to affection by the thing in itself. This appeal amounts to the claim that our reception of empirical content is unconditioned by the understanding's activity. The claim that contradicts this emerges in Kant's clearest explanation of how the categories make experience possible. We can see that they do so, he argues, by seeing that our reception of empirical content is conditioned by the understanding's activity. Kant's followers J.S. Beck and Fichte champion Kant's latter thought. I claim that their readings are true of Kant's best thought, even though Kant rejects them. He only rejects their interpretations because he cannot abandon the former thought. But Beck and Fichte see, as Kant does not, that a commitment to thing-in-itself affection in light of Kant's explanation of how the categories make experience possible would constitute what Hegel later calls "a self-contradictory ambiguity." Hegel's critique of Kant's "standpoint of finitude" diagnoses why Kant is led to affirm both of these incompatible thoughts. The philosophical motivation behind the shape Hegel's system takes comes to light through an examination of this diagnosis.

'A mere party machine'? Judicial authority, party development, and the changing politics of attacking the courts

Engel, Stephen M Yale University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Politicians have questioned the legitimacy of independent judicial authority throughout American history, but the federal judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court, appears to have become more secure over time. What explains the recurrence of hostilities and yet that judicial power appears, by many accounts, to remain secure?. Many examinations of these hostilities suggest that they have had minimal impact since Reconstruction. Three arguments are put forth to explain this pattern. First, the Court is a majoritarian institution; its rulings fall out of line with majority interests only briefly. Second, the countermajoritarian threat is dismissed because strong judicial power serves politicians' interests. Third, a pervasive norm of deference to judicial authority or judicial supremacy developed after successful instances of court-curbing. Each account constructs these attacks as a recurring theme, as the manifestation of an engrained constitutional problem, which has diminishing effect due to politicians' recognition of strategic interests or the development of norms. I reconsider these hostilities and identify variation in the tactics politicians pursue to manipulate judicial power. To explain change over time, I point not to the acceptance of judicial supremacy but to the gradual acceptance of dissenting views of the Constitution. Shifting perspectives on the threat posed by opposition---evident in politicians' views about political parties---influence how manipulations of judicial authority take shape. As politicians' perceptions toward opposition changed, their approach toward the judiciary---where opposition could become entrenched given lifetime appointment---changed in tandem. Once opposition was no longer viewed as a fundamental threat to the Constitution's survival and multiple interpretations considered legitimate, judicial power could henceforth be construed less as the seat of an illegitimate minority and more as an instrument to achieve political ends. By recasting the history of anti-judicial hostilities around the development of loyal opposition, I identify what is new and different in successive episodes of conflict. Case studies utilize a range of qualitative materials: letters, speeches, manuscripts, executive branch memoranda, and congressional debates. In each, I show how politicians viewed the threat posed by opposition. I evaluate actions they took toward the judiciary and illustrate how shifts in ideas about opposition explain variation in inter-branch relations. By drawing attention to how leaders confronted the challenge of independent judicial authority in a democratic republic with different solutions---both political and judicial---and how each solution was taken up by subsequent generations in unexpected ways, I illustrate a developmental transformation where other scholars have seen only a structural dilemma.

Experimental investigation of the vibroacoustic response characteristics of rib-stiffened panels with simple and complex attachments

Conlon, Stephen Clarke The Pennsylvania State University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This work experimentally investigates the critical vibroacoustic response characteristics of a class of lightweight structures representative of those used in communications satellites. Parametric trends are identified and contrasted for the structures loaded with simple (non-resonant) mass attachments and for complex (resonant) equipment attachments. Unlike related previous works where the attachments' mass was typically on the order of ten percent of the primary structure mass, in this investigation the maximum loaded structure mass is approximately ten times that of the underlying sandwich panel mass. The critical parameters investigated include the average system conductance, radiation efficiency and damping. The transition that the critical vibroacoustic parameters make when the loading is incrementally increased, from an unloaded uniform structure to the maximum loaded complex structure, are also assessed. Parameter trends for the average conductance and radiation efficiency show significant shifts when the attachment mass exceeds the underlying structure mass. The radiation efficiency and radiation coupling results collapse to two nominal radiation efficiency profiles, one for the attachment mass greater than the structure mass and one for the attachment mass less than the structure mass, which can be used to describe the structural acoustic coupling characteristics of all loaded panel configurations investigated. The internal loss factor results show the role that internal and radiation losses play in the total induced loss factor including the effects of both resonant and non-resonant attachments. For the unloaded and mass loaded panels the radiation losses play a significant role over much of the frequency spectrum especially near and above the critical frequency. With just a few equipment attachments the total loss characteristics change significantly showing that over much of the frequency spectrum the induced damping effects of the resonant attachments are the limiting loss mechanism. When the equipment loading exceeds the total underlying structure mass, the loss effects of the equipment completely dominate the total induced loss factor at all frequencies by approximately 10 to 20 dB. One of the recurring themes observed in the results of this investigation is the presence of irregularity in the parametric trends at mid-frequencies. With the structural in-homogeneity present in these loaded panels it is logical that there should be a cross-over frequency region where the modes dominating the response transition from global (the effects of the attachments and stiffeners more uniformly affect the vibration) to local (the non-homogeneous features only affect the local response). (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Divine resistance and accommodation: Nineteenth-century Shaker and Mormon boundary maintenance strategies

Taysom, Stephen C Indiana University 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In recent years, some scholars of religion in America have critiqued traditional historiographical approaches and have called for a "retelling" of American religious history that moves away from centralized, mainstream grand narratives and focuses on neglected points of view and previously muted voices. Methodologically, this school calls for historiographical discussions centered on the themes of contact, boundary, and exchange as these issues play out in specific physical and doctrinal-ritualistic spaces. This dissertation, through its focus on the boundaries created and maintained during the nineteenth century by the Shakers and the Mormons, amplifies and complicates this critique. This project argues that the physical and doctrinal-ritualistic boundaries were intentionally built and cultivated by the Shakers and the Mormons. These seemingly impenetrable boundaries were sites of complex self-reinforcing exchanges between the groups and American culture. By mapping this dialectic of exchange, this dissertation not only opens an important window into the workings of "marginal" religious groups, but it also makes the case that striking differences exist between such marginal groups. Clear, consistent, and significantly divergent patters of boundary maintenance emerged early in the history of each group which are here developed into specific "tension models" that detail the mode of exchange employed each group in its dealings Victorian American culture. This dissertation thus erodes any tendency toward consensus history or master narratives, even within the study of New Religious Movements, by raising questions about the heuristic usefulness of the "church-sect" model as it currently exists in the literature. The comparative approach of the dissertation brings these two tension models into conversation through the media of anthropological, sociological, and literary theories. This move seeks to correct the relative insularity of historiographical literature in the fields of Shaker and Mormon history.

"Am I my other's keeper?": Alterity, dialogic representation and polyphonic ethical discourse in later antebellum American fiction

Gaertner, Stephen Andrew Michigan State University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Hayden White argues that to create a narrative is to "moralize." As historicists assert, the moral content of a narrative reflects the social, cultural and political discourses in which it is constructed as well as the ethical value systems that such discourses contain. However, context does not reveal the entire story. Mikhail Bakhtin holds that narratives are polyphonic, that is, they contain multiple, competing discourses, at times represented through singular idiolects. But what are these various voices talking about, and to whom? Polyphonic or "carnivalesque" narratives rehearse and contest contrasting ethical paradigms, exposing their discursive limits as well as their transcendent possibilities in a given milieu. Thus, the text manifests the emergence of a dialogic exchange between ethical discourses, the yield of which is a creative destabilization that that resists the archaeological confinement of time, place and ideology. Therefore, I engage an ethical formalist rereading of a selection of antebellum narrative fictions in order to probe the discursive possibilities latent within the texts' moral imaginaries. In addition to deploying Bakhtin's work on polyphonic narrative, I use Emmanuel Levinas' ethical theory of alterity that stresses the moral agent's duty to respond on behalf of an individualized subject otherwise totalized by an oppressive, thematizing discourse. Whereas Levinas describes the moment of this ethical demand as the face-to-face encounter, I argue that the responsive duty suggested by the instance of inter-subjective recognition is represented within fiction as dialogue, in addition to the more subtle discourses that the narrator adds. Beyond exposing the text's ethical tensions, these dialogic moments reflect the discursive polyphony theorized by Bakhtin, multi-vocal eruptions often signaled by a perichoresis of distinct idiolects. The works I discuss---James Fenimore Cooper's Littlepage Trilogy, Herman Melville's Israel Potter and "Benito Cereno," Fanny Fern's Ruth Hall and Harriet E. Wilson's Our Nig---all contain ethical discourses elaborated through idiolectical dialogic structures and polyphony. Furthermore, the context of their production---the late-antebellum United States---situates them within ethical conversations on totalization and interpersonal duty for the Other in that the modernizing republic was struggling with the moral implications of Indian removal, African slavery, urban labor, poverty and gender oppression. Yet, a Levinasian reading of antebellum U.S. literature invites looking beyond ideological power discourses. In addition to reflecting how American republicanism and capitalism of the mid-1800's totalized, confined and dehumanized disempowered Others, these texts evidence rhetorical ambivalence respecting the status of the differentiated Other and the moral subject's duty to the Other in a capitalist republic obsessed with categorical ordering and uncomfortable with ambiguity. Despite their concerns with political, social and ethical regulation, though, these polyphonic works contain transcendent ethical counter-discourses on duty and Otherness that expose a symbiosis between radical Others, peoples otherwise divided by contrasting ethical, political, cultural, racial or socioeconomic alignments.

Optimal basis representations for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data

LaConte, Stephen Michael University of Minnesota 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

The research presented here focuses on the use of various basis representations to optimally analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. The nature of fMRI data is such that known properties of the signal and noise structure for a given experimental setting are very limited. A basis transformation converts data from one coordinate system to another. The impetus for applying different basis functions is that these various representations may emphasize different natural signal structures occurring in the data. The scope of the research includes denoising (improving signal to noise), classification (supervised learning), and data driven analysis (non-supervised learning) as specific applications of optimal basis selection. Evaluation of techniques utilizes receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, which is a common tool in fMRI for comparing data analysis techniques. In addition, recently proposed model performance metrics such as model reproducibility and prediction accuracy are demonstrated for assessing our supervised learning implementations.

Monism and Metaphor: The Rhetoric of Early Modern Materialism

Hequembourg, Stephen Boyd Harvard University 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation is a study of the rhetoric of monist materialism in the seventeenth century. Two basic lines of inquiry organize the project as a whole. The first is to explore how monist thinkers (such as Hobbes, Milton, and Cavendish) attempt to create a new working vocabulary for their philosophy of matter, one which I argue is based on the literal interpretation of a set of inherited metaphors. The second line of inquiry complicates the first by asking why, despite their deep commitment to monism and their new literalized vocabulary, the monists of this study find the old dualist vocabulary indispensible for some of their larger polemical purposes. To put it simply, Hobbes is a monist who needs a dualist language for his political theory, to promote the kind of political obedience he desires to see. Cavendish is a monist who needs a dualist vocabulary to explain the process of artistic creation, and Milton is a monist who needs a dualist vocabulary for purposes of moral instruction, especially in his prose. All of these writers are willing to speak a language they no longer believe in for the accomplishment of larger social and political purposes which they do believe in. In this sense, there is a thread of strategic or pragmatic dualism woven into the texture of early modem materialism. In terms of structure I begin with Hobbes because I think he perfected the pragmatic use of dualist language, and I end with a reading of Paradise Lost which sees the epic as providing a genealogy for this rhetorical practice. That is, if writers such as Hobbes and Cavendish show us why monists need to rely on dualist language, Milton shows us why we needed to invent such a language to begin with. The epic on this reading is an account of the first hesitant creation by men and angels of such dichotomies as mind and matter, body and soul. In this sense, Milton provides a genealogy for the problem all of these writers have been wrestling with---why dualism remains a kind of necessary evil in a monist cosmos.

Stress and mobility in an arctic community : the Hare Indians of Colville Lake

Savishinsky, Joel Stephen Human Relations Area Files 1976 해외박사