Visual acuity response when using the 3D head-up display in the presence of an accommodation-convergence conflict

Soomro Shoaib R.,Urey Hakan 한국정보디스플레이학회 2020 Journal of information display Vol.21 No.2

Visual discomfort and fatigue due to accommodation-convergence (AC) conflict in stereoscopic displays has been widely reported, but little is known about its impact on visual acuity, particularly when automotive three-dimensional (3D) head-up displays (HUDs) are involved. This paper presents a study on the visual acuity response when an indigenously developed 75% transparent retroreflective screen is used as a windshield 3D HUD. The simulated optical collimation technique was used to provide the virtual content at a farther depth (i.e. on the road while driving). Two user test experiments were performed. The first test was performed under the see-through condition, where the real scene (i.e. roadside view) was perceived through the 3D HUD, while the second test was performed under the simulated collimation condition, where a stereo-collimated virtual content was projected on the HUD at a farther depth. The results showed a slightly declining trend (from 20/20 to 20/25) in visual acuity response when the HUD screen was placed between the viewer and the scene. An inverse relation between the amount of AC conflict and visual acuity was observed under the simulated collimation condition. The >100 cm user-to-screen distance was found to be comfortable, providing the highest acuity response.

Performance Analysis and Comparison for Various Excitation Source Salient Rotor with Modular Rotor Permanent Magnet of Flux Switching Machine

Soomro Irfan Ali,Sulaiman Erwan Bin,Ahmad Md Zarafi Bin,Aziz Roziah 대한전기학회 2023 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.18 No.4

Due to the large power/torque density and high efficiency of permanent magnet flux switching magnet (FSPM) are suitable for driving electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. In this paper, flux switching permanent magnet machine (PMFSM), field excitation flux switching machine (FEFSM) and hybrid excitation flux switching machine (HEFSM) with salient rotor topology is compared with modular rotor permanent magnet flux switching machine. On the condition of the same outer diameters, the electromagnetic performances of the machines are analyzed and compared by the two-dimensional (2D) finite element method including the flux density, back electromotive force (EMF), cogging torque, electromagnetic torque, and power. The finite element results show that the modular rotor permanent magnet flux switching machine has greater torque than salient rotor FEFSM, HEFSM, and PMFSM at the rated load with significantly less weight than the others.

Parabolic-trough plant integrated with direct-contact membrane distillation system: Concept, simulation, performance, and economic evaluation

Soomro, Mujeeb Iqbal,Kim, Woo-Seung Elsevier 2018 Solar energy Vol.173 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper investigates performance and economic evaluation of integrating 50 MWe parabolic-trough (PT) plant with direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system for electricity and freshwater production in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The evaluations of PT plant were performed utilizing SAM software. Maximum and minimum electrical energy generation was estimated to be 13.5 GWh and 7.71 GWh in May and December, respectively. Similarly, the cooling water requirement fluctuated from 856 m<SUP>3</SUP>/day to 1440 m<SUP>3</SUP>/day in December and May, respectively. The economic evaluation showed that the nominal and real levelized electricity cost was 24.54 cents per kWh and 19.3833 cents per kWh, respectively. The performance evaluation of DCMD system was performed by solving DCMD mathematical model in MATLAB® Software. An increase in feed temperature from 30 °C to 45 °C increased the permeate flux from 5.19 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> h to 20.01 kg/m<SUP>2</SUP> h, and evaporation efficiency from 39.2% to 54.98%, respectively. Furthermore, it was assessed that proposed PT plant integrated with DCMD system could produce up to 14.33 m<SUP>3</SUP> of freshwater per day with a water production cost of $0.64/m<SUP>3</SUP>. It was revealed that the integration of DCMD system with PT plant could be a sustainable and economical approach to cope with increasing demand of freshwater and electricity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Mathematical model of DCMD system integrated with PT plant was developed and solved in MATLAB software. </LI> <LI> Effect of feed water temperature on permeate flux and freshwater production has been presented. </LI> <LI> Performance of PT solar power plant has been evaluated in terms of capacity factor and gross-to-net conversion factor. </LI> <LI> Performance of DCMD system has been assessed in terms of evaporation efficiency and specific energy consumption. </LI> </UL> </P>

Does Brand Love Precede Brand Loyalty? Empirical Evidence from Saudi Airline Customers in Strategic Alliance Setting

SOOMRO, Yasir Ali,BHUTTO, Muhammad Yaseen,ERTZ, Myriam,SHAIKH, Ahsan-ul-Haq,BAESHEN, Yasser,Al BATATI, Bader Korea Distribution Science Association 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.6

This research aims to construct a model that combines brand love, brand loyalty, brand image, customer satisfaction, and service quality into a single model, with brand loyalty coming foremost, and test its predictive power in building brand love. Moreover, mediating effect of customer satisfaction and brand image on service quality and brand loyalty affecting brand love was checked. The study adopted an alliance context using an existing SERVQUAL model, a bi-dimensional aspect of brand loyalty and parasocial love relationship theory, to identify brand love as a construct or outcome in the consumer-brand relationship. Using a quantitative approach, survey questionnaires were distributed by unrestricted random sampling among 507 Saudia Airlines customers. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling with SmartPLS 3.0. The results revealed significant relationships between four variables except for the brand image. It was found that brand image had no mediating effect on the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty. The outcome of this study highlights the importance of airline alliances for service quality, which leads to positive customer satisfaction, brand image, and customer loyalty. A unique contribution of the study is that it revealed that brand loyalty is also an antecedent of brand love.

Estimation of longitudinal velocity noise for rail wheelset adhesion and error level

Soomro, Zulfiqar Ali Techno-Press 2016 Multiscale and multiphysics mechanics Vol.1 No.3

The longitudinal velocity (forward speed) having significant importance in proper running of railway wheelset on track, depends greatly upon the adhesion ratio and creep analysis by implementation of suitable dynamic system on contamination. The wet track condition causes slip and slide of vehicle on railway tracking, whereas high speed may also increase slip and skidding to severe wear and deterioration of mechanical parts. The basic aim of this research is to design appropriate model aimed estimator that can be used to control railway vehicle forward velocity to avoid slip. For the filtration of disturbance procured during running of vehicle, the kalman filter is applied to estimate the actual signal on preferered samples of creep co-efficient for observing the applied attitude of noise. Thus error level is detected on higher and lower co-efficient of creep to analyze adhesion to avoid slip and sliding. The skidding is usually occurred due to higher forward speed owing to procured disturbance. This paper guides to minimize the noise and error based upon creep coefficient.

Performance and economic investigations of solar power tower plant integrated with direct contact membrane distillation system

Soomro, Mujeeb Iqbal,Kim, Woo-Seung Elsevier 2018 Energy conversion and management Vol.174 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) powered by solar energy is an attractive solution to mitigate freshwater supply problems. This paper presents an investigation on performance and cost of a 111 MWe solar power tower (SPT) plant integrated with DCMD system. The SPT plant comprised of an evaporative cooling with seawater as cooling agent in the condenser. Additionally, warm seawater leaving the condenser was introduced into DCMD system as feed water. For SPT plant, simulations revealed that an increment in incident solar power enhanced the electricity production and consequently the cooling water requirements. Annual gross electric output and cooling water requirements were estimated to be 493.8 GWh and 1,422,364 m<SUP>3</SUP>, respectively. Whereas the energy cost was estimated to be 13.03 cents per kWh. Furthermore, a mathematical model was developed and solved for evaluating the DCMD system. The model was validated by means of the experimental data. In DCMD system, permeate flux and evaporation efficiency increased when feed water temperature was increased. However, specific thermal energy consumption decreased with an increase in feed water temperature. The average freshwater production by the proposed system was estimated up to 40,759 L/day with a cost of $0.392/m<SUP>3</SUP>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The DCMD mathematical model was developed and validated with experimental data. </LI> <LI> Effect of main operating parameters on the system performance has been presented. </LI> <LI> Performance of the DCMD system have been reported in EE and STEC. </LI> <LI> Environmental and economic benefits of SPT plant by clean development mechanism have been evaluated. </LI> </UL> </P>

Performance and economic evaluation of linear Fresnel reflector plant integrated direct contact membrane distillation system

Soomro, Mujeeb Iqbal,Kim, Woo-Seung Elsevier 2018 RENEWABLE ENERGY Vol.129 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This paper presents an investigation of a 111 MWe linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) plant integrated direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) system. Both the technologies are synergized by using seawater as cooling fluid in the condenser, and then utilizing heated seawater from the condenser into the DCMD unit. The performance analysis of the LFR plant and DCMD unit has been conducted mainly in regard to direct normal irradiance (DNI) and feed water temperature, respectively. For the LFR plant, electricity generation increased with increasing DNI. The highest and the lowest energy production was 38.33 GWh and 14.08 GWh in June and December, respectively. The real levelized cost of energy was found to be 0.34 ¢/kWh. For DCMD unit, the evaporation efficiency increased from 39.13% to 50.01% corresponding to a feed temperature increase from 30 °C to 45 °C. The average freshwater production capacity of the DCMD unit was found to be 31,844.6 L/day with a water production cost $0.425/m<SUP>3</SUP>. The investigations revealed that the performance of the proposed system is quite satisfactory, and the low unit production cost of electricity and freshwater make it competitive to eradicate energy and freshwater crises.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Simulations on integration of DCMD system with LFR plant are presented. </LI> <LI> Analysis of LFR plant have been carried out using System Advisor Model (SAM) software. </LI> <LI> Investigations of DCMD system have been carried out by solving the mathematical model using MATLAB. </LI> <LI> Performance of the proposed system is reported in annual energy production and freshwater production. </LI> <LI> Economic analysis is presented in terms of levelized cost of energy and water production cost. </LI> </UL> </P>

Segmentation of Left and Right Ventricles in Cardiac MRI Using Active Contours

Soomro, Shafiullah,Akram, Farhan,Munir, Asad,Lee, Chang Ha,Choi, Kwang Nam Hindawi 2017 Computational and mathematical methods in medicine Vol.2017 No.-

<P>Segmentation of left and right ventricles plays a crucial role in quantitatively analyzing the global and regional information in the cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In MRI, the intensity inhomogeneity and weak or blurred object boundaries are the problems, which makes it difficult for the intensity-based segmentation methods to properly delineate the regions of interests (ROI). In this paper, a hybrid signed pressure force function (SPF) is proposed, which yields both local and global image fitted differences in an additive fashion. A characteristic term is also introduced in the SPF function to restrict the contour within the ROI. The overlapping dice index and Hausdorff-Distance metrics have been used over cardiac datasets for quantitative validation. Using 2009 LV MICCAI validation dataset, the proposed method yields DSC values of 0.95 and 0.97 for endocardial and epicardial contours, respectively. Using 2012 RV MICCAI dataset, for the endocardial region, the proposed method yields DSC values of 0.97 and 0.90 and HD values of 8.51 and 7.67 for ED and ES, respectively. For the epicardial region, it yields DSC values of 0.92 and 0.91 and HD values of 6.47 and 9.34 for ED and ES, respectively. Results show its robustness in the segmentation application of the cardiac MRI.</P>

The Dynamic Relationship Between FDI, ICT, Trade Openness, and Economic Growth: Evidence from BRICS Countries

Ahmed Nawaz SOOMRO,Jai KUMAR,Joti KUMARI 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.2

Information and communication technology (ICT) is one of the primary zones that stimulates economic development in today’s globalized world. It promotes technological developments in worldwide communication and manufacturing systems, as well as economic growth and development. Many economic activities, such as international trade and foreign direct investment, rely heavily on contemporary information and communications technologies (FDI). The goal of this study is to look at the dynamic relationship between FDI, ICT, trade openness, and economic growth in the context of BRICS countries from 2000 to 2018, with Gross Domestic Product as the dependent variable and Telephone subscriptions, Mobile subscriptions, Broadband subscriptions, Internet subscribers, Secure internet servers, Trade, and Foreign direct investment as the independent variables.Two variables are used as proxies to manage the macroeconomic environment, while five variables are used as proxies for ICT infrastructures. The outcomes of this study are analyzed using Generalized Methods of Movements (GMM). According to this study, ICT has a positive impact on the economic growth of a few countries. Trade openness and foreign direct investment, on the other hand, have a negative impact on economic growth. As growing countries, the BRICS must participate in economic reform and liberalization measures. This report suggests policy proposals for improving ICT standards, focusing especially on economic growth, trade openness, and increasing foreign investment in the BRICS countries.

Canonical Correlation Analysis and Neural Network (CCA-NN) Based Method to Detect Epileptic Seizures from EEG Signals

Mumtaz Hussain Soomro,Sayed Hyder Abbas Musavi,Bishwajeet Pandey 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Bio-Science and Bio-Techn Vol.8 No.4

In this research, a novel method based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to detect epileptic seizures from EEG signals is proposed. CCA was applied on EEG signals and feature vectors corresponding to Eigen values were extracted. These Eigen values were fed as input to Artificial Neural Network (ANN)’s widely explored model Multilayer Perceptron Neural Networks (MLPNNs) for classification between occurrence of non-epileptic seizures and epileptic seizures. The extracted Eigen values using CCA proved to be a better epileptic seizures detector and provide average classification accuracy, sensitivity and specificity as 92.583%, 93.25% and 91% respectively.