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An Optimised Fuzzy Approach to Remove Mixed Noise from Images
Sweety Deswal,Surbhi Singhania,Shailender Gupta,Pranjal Garg 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.4
Mixed noises can be defined as a combination of different types of noises acting on a single carrier. There has been a mention of various mechanisms used to restore images corrupted with mixed noise in the past. This paper proposes a simple method based on fuzzy set theory and Bilateral Filter to remove mixed noises and compares it with previously mentioned techniques such as: Vector Median Filter(VMF), Vector Direction Filter (VDF), Fuzzy Peer Group Averaging (FPGA), Fuzzy Vector Median Filter (FVMF), Bilateral Filter (BF), Adaptive Bilateral Filter (ABF), Switching Bilateral Filter (SBF), Joint Bilateral Filter (JBF), and Trilateral Filter (TF) on the basis of performance metrics such as Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Normalised Colour Difference (NCD). For the purpose of a detailed analysis, the performance of each method is evaluated by varying the image size and the noise density by implementing them in MATLAB-09. The mixed noise used in this paper is a combination of three noise i.e. poisson, impulse and Gaussian noise. The simulation and result shows that the proposed method provides better PSNR and hence better image quality than almost all the methods mentioned above.
Thermostable cellulases: Current status and perspectives
Patel, Anil K.,Singhania, Reeta Rani,Sim, Sang Jun,Pandey, Ashok Elsevier 2019 Bioresource technology Vol.279 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>It is envisaged that the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for ethanol production for transport sector, would make cellulases the most demanded industrial enzyme. The greatest potential of cellulolytic enzymes lies in ethanol production from biomass by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose but low thermostability and low titer of cellulase production resulting into high cost of the enzyme which is the major set-back. A number of research groups are working on cellulase to improve its thermostability so as to be able to perform hydrolysis at elevated temperatures which would eventually increase the efficiency of cellulose hydrolysis. The technologies developed from lignocellulosic biomass via cellulose hydrolysis promise environmental and economical sustainability in the long run along with non-dependence on nonrenewable energy source. This review deals with the important sources of thermostable cellulases, mechanism, its regulation, strategies to enhance the thermostability further with respect to its importance for biofuel applications.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Thermostable cellulases from thermophiles can be expressed in mesophillic hosts. </LI> <LI> Bacterial cellulase appears more promising when looked for thermostability. </LI> <LI> Thermostable cellulases promise environmental and economical sustainability. </LI> <LI> Thermostable cellulases allows hydrolysis to operate at elevated temperature. </LI> </UL> </P>