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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Shinji Sugiura (검색결과 6 건)
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Chemical defence of turnip sawfly larvae against Japanese tree frogs
Satoru Matsubara,Shinji Sugiura 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.1
Larvae of the turnip sawfly Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) are known to defend themselves using chemicals against predators such as ants,wasps and birds. However, only a fewstudies have tested the effectiveness of such chemical defences under field conditions. In a Japanese farm, a tree frog Hyla japonica (Anura: Hylidae) was observed to attack an A. rosae larva, but spit out the larva immediately after taking it into its mouth. To clarify how A. rosae larvae defend themselves against frogs, we quantitatively investigated how H. japonica attacked A. rosae larvae and palatable caterpillars of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) under field conditions.We experimentally placed an A. rosae larva or a P. rapae larva in front of tree frogs on the crop leaves. Frogs attacked both A. rosae and P. rapae larvae. However, the rate of predation by frogs was different between A. rosae and P. rapae larvae: 75% of frogs rejected A. rosae larvae, whereas 100% of frogs ate P. rapae larvae. Athalia rosae larvae attacked by frogs released their haemolymph (containing defensive chemicals) from the injured parts of their bodies. These results suggest that A. rosae larvae can chemically defend themselves against frogs in field conditions.
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A diverse assemblage of moths feeding on aphid honeydew
Kota Sakagami,Shinji Sugiura 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.1
Adult butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) use their proboscises to feed on flower nectar and other types of liquidfood. Aphids frequently secrete honeydew from their anuses, attracting various types of insects, such as ants. Adult lepidopterans are also known to feed on aphid honeydew. However, very few studies have clarified thespecies composition and morphology of moths feeding on aphid honeydew. In late June 2017, we found nocturnalmoths sipping honeydew secreted by Shivaphis celti and Sitobion cornifoliae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) onleaves of Celtis sinensis (Cannabaceae) and Cornus kousa (Cornaceae), respectively, at the edge of a secondaryforest in central Japan. The moths were observed to uncoil their proboscises and feed on honeydew on theleaves. No moths were observed to feed on honeydew directly from aphids. Nocturnal moths of 60 species (11families) and 16 species (7 families) were collected from honeydew on Ce. sinensis and Co. kousa leaves, respectively. Eleven moth species were shared between the two types of honeydew. The most abundant species,Oncocera semirubella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), accounted for 44.7% of all individuals. The sex ratio of O. semirubellawas female biased. Of the 65 moth species collected on aphid honeydew, 52.3% (34 species) have beenpreviously reported to visit flowers. Moths visiting honeydew had relatively short proboscises and small bodysize. These results suggest that aphid honeydew is an important, accessible food resource for moths of small size.
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Fork-tailed caterpillars bite off their long anal prolegs to pupate in fallen branches
Daichi Funamoto,Shinji Sugiura 한국응용곤충학회 2017 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.20 No.2
Some insects autotomise appendages such as legs to escape from predator attacks. Similar behaviour can be observed in other situations. Here, we report that Shachia circumscripta (Lepidoptera: Notodontidae) larvae bite off their long anal prolegs to facilitate pupation in fallen branches. Larvae of S. circumscripta have extremely long anal prolegs, comprising one half of their body length.When disturbed, S. circumscripta larvae use their anal prolegs in defensive posturing. Final instar larvae use theirmandibles to tunnel into fallen branches and form a pupal chamber inside. Just before closing the entrances of pupal chambers, larvae bite off their anal prolegs with their mandibles and eject the severed prolegs through the chamber entrance. The extremely long anal prolegs can hinder the larvae from turning in the tunnels before closing the chamber entrance; leg cutting in S. circumscripta larvae may therefore be an adaptive behaviour that allows the insect to pupate within the limited space of fallen branches.
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Death feigning in adult diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Kazushige Okai,Shinji Sugiura 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.2
Death feigning is an anti-predator defense mechanism that involves a state of immobility in response to external stimuli. Predaceous diving beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) utilize chemical substances to defend themselves against predators, while other defensive behaviors have rarely been reported. In this study, we report that adults of eight dytiscid species (Agabus conspicuus, A. japonicus, Cybister brevis, Graphoderus adamsii, Hydaticus bowringii, H. grammicus, Ilybius apicalis, and Rhantus suturalis) performed death feigning. When these species were dropped from a height of 300 mm into a plastic case without water, 30.0–85.7 % of the dropped individuals displayed death feigning (average duration: 8.6–371.4 s). In G. adamsii and H. bowringii, 13.3 % and 48.6 % of the dropped adults folded all of their legs while feigning death. When the adults of G. adamsii and H. bowringii were dropped directly into water, none of them feigned death. These results suggest that death feigning of some dytiscid species functions to avoid predators on the ground.
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