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Shabbir Ahmed,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04
Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) is an autocrine and paracrine signal in insects and other animals. Its signal pathways in target cells are well understood in mammalian system but not in insects. Here, we assessed PGE2 signaling in hemocytes of Spodoptera exigua through knocking-down of signal component genes by RNA interference (RNAi) and knocking-out (KO) of PGE2 receptor using CRISPR-Cas9. From S. exigua transcriptome, we selected hemocyte signaling components and analyzed their functions in cellular immune responses through RNAi. KO mutant against PGE2 receptor exhibited severely hampered larval development and adult fecundity.
Shabbir Ahmed,Yonggyun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.04
A prostaglandin (PG), PGE2, mediates both cellular and humoral immune responses of insects. Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) biosynthesizes PGE2 by an unknown enzyme. This study predicted the enzyme, which is a novel membrane-bound prostaglandin E synthase-2 (mPGES-2). The transcriptional expression analysis showed the mPGES-2 is inducible to immune challenge. After RNA interference (RNAi), the hemocyte nodulation and expression of eleven antimicrobial peptides were significantly impaired. The RNAi effect was rescued by addition of PGE2 suggesting that mPGES-2 is crucial for immune responses mediated by PGE2.
Ahmed, Shabbir,Kim, Yonggyun Elsevier 2018 Journal of invertebrate pathology Vol.157 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Immunity negatively influences bacterial pathogenicity. Eicosanoids mediate both cellular and humoral immune responses in insects. This study tested a hypothesis that differential bacterial virulence of <I>Xenorhabdus</I>/<I>Photorhabdus</I> is dependent on their inhibitory activity against phospholipase A<SUB>2</SUB> (PLA<SUB>2</SUB>) activity. <I>P. temperata</I> subsp. <I>temperata</I> (‘Ptt’) was more than 40 times more potent than <I>X. hominickii</I> (‘Xh’). Although both bacteria suppressed cellular immune responses, Ptt infection suppressed hemocyte nodule formation much more than Xh infection. Their differential immunosuppression appeared to be induced by their secondary metabolites because organic extracts of Ptt-cultured broth exhibited higher inhibitory activities against cellular immune responses than Xn-cultured broth extracts. Humoral immune responses were analyzed by measuring expression levels of 11 antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes. Among inducible AMPs in hemocytes and fat body, higher number and more kinds of AMPs exhibited lower expression levels in Ptt infection than those in Xh infection. Suppressed immune responses induced by Ptt or Xh infection were significantly rescued by the addition of a catalytic product of PLA<SUB>2</SUB>, suggesting that PLA<SUB>2</SUB> was a common inhibitory target. In fact, Ptt infection inhibited PLA<SUB>2</SUB> activity more strongly than Xh infection. RNA interference of a PLA<SUB>2</SUB> gene decreased its expression and significantly increased bacterial virulence. Moreover, addition of PLA<SUB>2</SUB> inhibitor to Xh infection enhanced its virulence, similar to virulence level of Ptt infection. These results suggest that variation in <I>Xenorhabdus</I>/<I>Photorhabdus</I> bacterial virulence can be explained by their differential inhibitory activities against host insect PLA<SUB>2</SUB>.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Two bacteria in <I>Photorhabdus</I>/<I>Xenorhabdus</I> are different in virulence by ≈40 times. </LI> <LI> The different virulence is associated with differential immunosuppressive activity. </LI> <LI> The differential immunosuppression varies with the intensity of PLA<SUB>2</SUB> inhibition. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Rummana Kauser Shabbir Ahmed,Ismath Shameem 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2022 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.12 No.1
Ābzan (sitz bath or hydration therapy) is one of the important and widely practised methods of regimenal therapy used for local evacuation or diversion of morbid humours described for various diseases in Unani system of medicine. It is a type of bath in which hips and buttocks are immersed in water, either plain or medicated for therapeutic effects. Thus, it serves as an important and effective external mode of treatment. It has been successfully practised by Greeko-Arab physicians in the management of almost all types of gynaecological disorders like genital prolapse, leucorrhoea, pruritus vulvae, menstrual disorders, infertility, pelvic inflammatory diseases etc, but its efficacy has been proved in very few gynaecological diseases only. Hence, there is a need for systemic review to investigate the effectiveness of sitz bath in gynaecological disorders to generate scientific based evidence for the clinician as well as for common public. Based on the available literature, this review article suggests that the sitz bath has a scientific evidence-based effect in treating gynaecological diseases.