Quantitative Analysis and <i>In vitro</i> Anti-inflammatory Effects of Gallic Acid, Ellagic Acid, and Quercetin from Radix Sanguisorbae

Seo, Chang-Seob,Jeong, Soo-Jin,Yoo, Sae-Rom,Lee, Na-Ri,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo Medknow PublicationsMedia Pvt Ltd 2016 Pharmacognosy magazine Vol.12 No.46

<P><B>Background:</B></P><P>Radix Sanguisorbae has long been used to treat diarrhea, enteritis, duodenal ulcers, and internal hemorrhage.</P><P><B>Objective:</B></P><P>We investigated the <I>in vitro</I> anti-inflammatory effects of Radix Sanguisorbae and performed quantitative analyses of three marker components, namely gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin, using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods:</B></P><P>The three marker components were separated using a reversed-phase Gemini C<SUB>18</SUB> analytical column maintained at 40°C by the gradient elution with two solvent systems. We examined the biological effects of the three marker compounds, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin, by determining their anti-inflammatory activities in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7.</P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>All of the marker compounds exhibited inhibitory effects on prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, with no cytotoxicity. Particularly, ellagic acid significantly inhibited production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells.</P><P><B>Conclusion:</B></P><P>Our results suggest that ellagic acid is the most potent bioactive phytochemical component of radix Sanguisorbae in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</P><P><B>SUMMARY</B></P><P><P>Established high-performance liquid chromatography method was applied in the quantitative analysis of gallic acid, ellagic acid, and quercetin present in an extract from radix Sanguisorbae</P><P>Among the three compounds, the ellagic acid.(7.65.mg/g) is main component in radix Sanguisorbae</P><P>Ellagic acid significantly inhibited production of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells.</P></P> >[FIG OMISSION]</BR><P><B>Abbreviations used:</B> HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, PDA: Photodiode array, TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor alpha, IL: Interleukin, LPS: Lipopolysaccharide, PGE<SUB>2</SUB>: Prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB>, NSAIDs: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, COX: Cyclooxygenase.</P>

Simultaneous Determination of Seven Compounds in Samsoeum by HPLC-PDA

Seo, Chang-Seob,Kim, Jung-Hoon,Huang, Dae-Sun,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo The Korean Medicine Society for the Herbal Formula 2010 大韓韓醫學方劑學會誌 Vol.18 No.1

Objectives : To develop and validate HPLC-PDA methods for simultaneous determination of seven constituents in Samsoeum(SSE). Methods : Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array(PDA) detection at 254 and 280 nm, were used for quantification of the seven marker components of SSE. The mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Results : Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9997, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) values (%) for intra- and inter-day precision were less than 3.0%. The recovery rate of each compound was in the range of 100.07-112.65%, with an RSD less than 4.0%. The contents of seven compounds in SSE were 1.24-10.53 mg/g. Conclusions : The established method will be helpful to improve quality control of SSE.

Evaluation of the Immune-Stimulating Activity of Samul-tang, a Traditional Korean Herbal Medicine, Standardized by HPLC-PDA

Seo, Chang-Seob,Ha, Hye-Kyung,Jung, Da-Young,Lee, Ho-Young,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo The Society of Korean Medicine 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Objectives: We performed simultaneous determination of five constituents by HPLC in Samul-tang (SMT). Additionally, we investigated the immune-stimulatory potential of SMT on specific cellular and humoral immune responses in ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice. Methods: Reverse-phase chromatography using a Gemini C18 column operating at $40^{\circ}C$, and photodiode array (PDA) detection at 190-400 nm, were used for quantification of the five components of SMT. Mobile phase using a gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. C57BL/6 mice were immunized intraperitoneally with OVA/alum ($100{\mu}g/200{\mu}g$) on days 1, 8, and 15. The extract of SMT (1000 mg/kg) was given to mice orally for 21 days (from day 1 to day 21). At day 22, OVA-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated splenocyte proliferation and OVA-specific and total antibodies were measured in plasma. Results: Calibration curves were acquired with $r^2$>0.9999, and the relative standard deviation (RSD, %) for intra- and inter-day precision were both less than 3.5%. The recovery was in the range of 95.69-115.12%, with an RSD less than 6.0%. The contents of five components in SMT were 1.08-15.30 mg/g. SMT significantly enhanced Con A-induced splenocyte proliferation in OVA-immunized mice (p<0.01). Also, SMT significantly enhanced OVAspecific IgG, IgG1 and total IgM levels in plasma compared with the OVA-immunized group. Conclusions: The established method will be applied for the quantification of major components and immunestimulating activity in OVA-immunized mouse model of SMT.

<i>Spirodela polyrhiza</i> (L.) Sch. ethanolic extract inhibits LPS-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells

Seo, Chang-Seob,Lee, Mee-Young,Shin, In-Sik,Lee, Jin-Ah,Ha, Hyekyung,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo Informa Healthcare 2012 IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY Vol.34 No.5

<P><I>Objective</I>: <I>Spirodela polyrhiza</I> (L.) Sch. is widely used in Korean traditional medicine. No previous work has investigated in detail the anti-inflammatory activities of <I>S. polyrhiza</I> or assessed <I>in vitro</I> their potential underlying mechanism(s). We assessed the effects of <I>S. polyrhiza</I> ethanolic extract (SPEE) on the production of inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and investigated some potential underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we performed simultaneous determination of seven flavonoids in <I>S. polyrhiza</I> by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-photodiode array (PDA).</P><P><I>Materials and methods</I>: RAW264.7 cells were subjected to 5, 10, 20, and 50 μg/mL of SPEE for 1 h then treated with LPS for 24 h. Production of namely nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> and cytokine levels were measured by the Griess reagent and ELISA, respectively. To investigate the underlying mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory activities of SPEE, expression of NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. HPLC analysis was performed using a Gemini C<SUB>18</SUB> column at 40°C and PDA detection at 340 nm.</P><P><I>Results</I>: SPEE treatment significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO, prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB>, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α and inhibited the expression of iNOS and COX-2 via attenuation of NF-κB p65 expression. The contents of the seven flavonoids in <I>S. polyrhiza</I> range from 0.25 to 8.77 mg/g.</P><P><I>Conclusions</I>: These results indicate that the anti-inflammatory activity of SPEE may be NF-κB p65 signaling. Also, the method will help to improve quality control of <I>S. polyrhiza</I>.</P>

Simultaneous determination of ten constituents in herbal formulation Sipjeondaebo-tang using HPLC-PDA

Seo, Chang-Seob,Kim, Jung Hoon,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo Pleiades Publishing 2014 Journal of analytical chemistry Vol.69 No.8

Hydrogen-Bonding-Assisted Ketimine Formation of Benzophenone Derivatives

Seo, Min-Seob,Jang, Sumin,Jung, Hoimin,Kim, Hyunwoo American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.83 No.23

<P>The favorable effect of 2-hydroxyphenyl groups for ketimine formation with benzophenone was demonstrated by combining computational and experimental studies. Although direct imine formation between benzophenone and primary amines is challenging, 2-hydroxybenzophenone or 2,2′-dihydroxybenzophenone was readily used for ketimine formation with various primary alkyl amines and anilines. Measured activation parameters and calculated energy profiles indicated that the 2-hydroxyphenyl group can lower both activation barriers and equilibrium energies by establishing intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Epidemiologic Study of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Expression in Advanced/Metastatic Gastric Cancer: an Assessment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Status in Tumor Tissue Samples of Gastric and Gastro-Esophageal Junction Cancer

Seo, Kyung Won,Jeon, Taeyong,Kim, Sewon,Kim, Sung Soo,Kim, Kwanghee,Suh, Byoung-Jo,Hwang, Sunhwi,Choi, SeongHee,Ryu, Seungwan,Min, Jae Seok,Lee, Young-Joon,Jee, Ye Seob,Chae, Hyeondong,Yang, Doo Hyun The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2017 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.17 No.1

Purpose: The Trastuzumab for gastric cancer (GC) trial identified human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) as a predictor of successful treatment with trastuzumab (HER2 receptor targeting agent) among patients with advanced/metastatic GC. To date, the prevalence of HER2 overexpression in the Korean population is unknown. The present study aimed to assess the incidence of HER2 positivity among GC and gastroesophageal (GE) junction cancer samples and the relationship between HER2 overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics in Korean patients. Materials and Methods: Tumor samples collected from 1,695 patients with histologically proven GC or GE junction enrolled at 14 different hospitals in Korea were examined. After gathering clinicopathological data of all patients, HER2 status was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) at each hospital, and IHC 2+ cases were subjected to silver-enhanced in situ hybridization at 3 central laboratories. Results: A total of 182 specimens tested positive for HER2, whereas 1,505 tested negative. Therefore, the overall HER2-positive rate in this study was 10.8% (95% confidence interval=9.3%-12.3%). The HER2-positive rate was higher among intestinal-type cases (17.6%) than among other types, and was higher among patients older than 70 years and 50 years of age, compared to other age groups. Conclusions: Our evaluation of the HER2 positivity rate (10.8%) among Korean patients with GC and GE junction indicated the necessity of epidemiological data when conducting studies related to HER2 expression in GC and GE junction.

Simultaneous Determination of the Five Marker Compounds in Melandrium firmum using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode-Array Detection

Seo, Chang-Seob,Shin, Hyeun-Kyoo NATURAL PRODUCT COMMUNICATIONS 2016 Natural product communications Vol.11 No.11

<P>In Korean folk medicine, Melandrium firmum Rohrbach (Caryophyllaceae) has been used to treat various diseases, including anuria, breast cancer, and gonorrhea. In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method with photodiode-array UV detection (HPLC-PDA) was established and then validated for the simultaneous determination of five flavonoids in M. firmum: schaftoside, homoorientin, cytisoside, vitexin, and isovitexin. Separation of the five compounds was performed on a Gemini C-18 column at 40 degrees C by gradient elution of two mobile phases. The flow rate and injection volume were 1.0 mL/min and 10 mu L, respectively. The HPLC-PDA method showed excellent linear regression with r(2) values of 0.9999 within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification of all components were 0.01-0.11 and 0.04-0.34 mu g/mL, respectively. The extraction recovery of the five analytes was 97.6-105.6% and the RSD values were < 2.0%. The relative standard deviation values of intra- and interday precision for all analytes were < 1.71 and < 1.46%, respectively. As determined using the established and validated HPLC-PDA method described here, the amounts of the five marker compounds in M firmum were 0.02-2.54 mg/g.</P>

Stereoselective Chiral Recognition of Amino Alcohols with 2,2′-Dihydroxybenzil

Seo, Min-Seob,Sun, Daeyoung,Kim, Hyunwoo American Chemical Society 2017 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.82 No.13

<P>2,2'-Dihydroxybenzil is demonstrated to be a highly diastereoselective stereodynamic receptor for the chiral recognition of amino alcohols. The receptor by forming diimine compounds with amino alcohols showed good (11:1) to excellent (>50:1) diastereoselectivity in chloroform. The existence of intramolecular hydrogen bonding with amino alcohols only in an axial conformer is demonstrated by H-1 NMR and CD spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and DFT computations. The exciton chirality method can be used with diazo-attached 2,2'-dihydroxybenzil.</P>

An Analysis of Needs for Forest Therapy Programs for Subfertile Women

Seo-Yun Bu,Chang-Seob Shin 인간식물환경학회 2019 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.22 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate 199 subfertile women s interest in and needs for forest therapy programs according to their demographic characteristics in a subfertile clinic in Seoul to provide basic data. The results of this study were summarized as follows. First, the perception and experience of subfertile women about forest therapy were all low, but their intention to participate was generally positive. Second, the type of forest therapy preferred by subfertile women was a half-day small group that they can participate with their spouse during weekends. Third, subfertile women expected phytoncide (35.8%) and a high level of oxygen (29.9%) from forest therapy programs. Fourth, subfertile women expected physical and mental health such as improved blood circulation and immunity, and meditation opportunity from forest therapy. Fifth, subfertile women expected from forest therapists understanding and sympathy (62.2%). This study conducted a survey on 199 subfertile women only. Through follow-up studies that involve more subfertile subjects and a broader region, it will be possible to develop more effective forest therapy programs for promoting the physical and mental health of subfertile subjects.