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Cyclic AMP concentrations in dendritic cells induce and regulate Th2 immunity and allergic asthma
Lee, Jihyung,Kim, Tae Hoon,Murray, Fiona,Li, Xiangli,Choi, Sara S.,Broide, David H.,Corr, Maripat,Lee, Jongdae,Webster, Nicholas J. G.,Insel, Paul A.,Raz, Eyal National Academy of Sciences 2015 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.112 No.5
<P><B>Significance</B></P><P>Allergic asthma is characterized by Th2 type inflammation, leading to airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling. However, the mechanisms by which DC promote Th2 differentiation remain unclear. Herein we demonstrate that low cAMP levels in DC induce Th2-biased responses in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, mice with conditional deletion of <I>Gnas</I> in DC (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice) develop spontaneous bronchial asthma that shares multiple similarities with human asthma. In contrast, increasing cAMP levels inhibit these responses. Thus, regulators of cAMP levels in DC such as G-protein-coupled receptors are non-pattern recognition receptors that play a significant role in CD4 T cell differentiation.</P><P>The inductive role of dendritic cells (DC) in Th2 differentiation has not been fully defined. We addressed this gap in knowledge by focusing on signaling events mediated by the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins Gαs, and Gαi, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclases and the synthesis of cAMP. We show here that deletion of <I>Gnas</I>, the gene that encodes Gαs in mouse CD11c<SUP>+</SUP> cells (<I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> mice), and the accompanying decrease in cAMP provoke Th2 polarization and yields a prominent allergic phenotype, whereas increases in cAMP inhibit these responses. The effects of cAMP on DC can be demonstrated in vitro and in vivo and are mediated via PKA. Certain gene products made by <I>Gnas</I><SUP>ΔCD11c</SUP> DC affect the Th2 bias. These findings imply that G protein-coupled receptors, the physiological regulators of Gαs and Gαi activation and cAMP formation, act via PKA to regulate Th bias in DC and in turn, Th2-mediated immunopathologies.</P>
Moatmed, Sara M.,Khedr, Mohamed Hamdy,El-dek, S.I.,Kim, Hak-Yong,El-Deen, Ahmed G. Elsevier 2019 Journal of environmental chemical engineering Vol.7 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Due to increasing of oil spills and high organic contamination of marine environment, developing of cost-effective and rapid oil/water separation technique has become inevitable. Herein, freestanding and flexible hybrid polystyrene nanofibers are introduced as highly efficient hybrid membrane for ultrafast oil/water separation without external pressure. Typically, different loading of Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> nanoparticles embedded into polystyrene nanofibers using electrospinning to fabricate superhydrophobic/super-oleophilic membrane. The morphological shape, crystal structure and surface wettability behavior were elucidated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and contact angel, respectively. The optimum loading of magnetite nanoparticles into the nanofiber membranes was investigated to achieve best separation performance. The obtained results demonstrated that the incorporation of (Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) nanoparticles into membrane has a significant impact for enhancing superhydrophobic properties and the separation efficiency against light and heavy oils. Among all formulations, the fabricated (PS@Fe<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>10 wt.%) membrane revealed ultrahigh flux (5000 L m<SUP>−2</SUP> h<SUP>−1</SUP>) with separation efficiency of 99.8 % for hexane under gravity driven process and excellent superhydrophobicity with water contact angle 162° moreover excellent reusability 98.5 % for 50 consecutive cycles. Interestingly, the proposed hybrid nanofiber membrane achieved distinct separation efficiencies 95 % and 92 % for food oils such as olive oil and sesame oil. Overall, the current study provides cost-effective and facile approach to distinctly improve the membrane performance for durable oil/water separation technique.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Kinematic Alignments of Early-type Galaxies in A119 and A168
Jeong, Hyunjin,Kim, Suk,Owers, Matt S.,Joo, Seok-Joo,Kim, Hak-Sub,Lee, Woong,Lee, Youngdae,Sande, Jesse van de,Lee, Jaehyun,Yi, Sukyoung K.,Croom, Scott M.,Bryant, Julia J.,Rey, Soo-Chang,Brough, Sara American Astronomical Society 2019 The Astrophysical journal Vol.875 No.1
Stephanie Wo,Hannah Levavi,John Mascarenhas,Marina Kremyanskaya,Shyamala Navada,Michal Bar-Natan,Sara S. Kim 대한혈액학회 2022 Blood Research Vol.57 No.2
Background Blinatumomab has demonstrated efficacy in minimal residual disease (MRD) positive and relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) by inciting rapid and sustained B-cell depletion. Methods Owing to its effect on B-cells, blinatumomab is associated with a higher rate of secondary hypogammaglobulinemia compared to chemotherapy. To mitigate blinatumomab-induced hypogammaglobulinemia, patients were pre-emptively repleted with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) during blinatumomab therapy. In this retrospective study, we compared outcomes of 23 blinatumomab treated adults with ALL. Seventeen patients routinely received IVIG and 6 patients were in the control cohort. Results Our findings demonstrated no difference between the two cohorts in immunoglobulin G (IgG) nadir (338 mg/dL vs. 337 mg/dL, P=0.641), days to IgG nadir (120.5 vs. 85.5 days, P =0.13), infection rate (82.4% vs. 66.7%, P=0.58), infections requiring ICU admission (23.5% vs. 16.7%, P=1), and infection related mortality (17.6% vs. 16.7%, P =1). Conclusion Pre-emptive IVIG repletion during blinatumomab did not prevent hypogammaglobulinemia and associated infection risk.