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Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Kumar, Virendra,Mardina, Primata,Li, Jinglin,Lestari, Rowina,Kalia, Vipin C.,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.263 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present study, co-cultures of the methanotrophs <I>Methylocella tundrae</I>, <I>Methyloferula stellata</I>, and <I>Methylomonas methanica</I> were evaluated for improving methanol production with their application. Among the different combinations, the co-culture of <I>M. tundrae</I> and <I>M. methanica</I> increased methanol production to 4.87 mM using methane (CH<SUB>4</SUB>) as feed. When simulated biogas mixtures were used as feed, the maximum methanol production was improved to 8.66, 8.45, and 9.65 mM by free and encapsulated co-cultures in 2% alginate and silica-gel, respectively. Under repeated batch conditions, free and immobilized co-cultures using alginate and silica-gel resulted in high cumulative production, up to 24.43, 35.95, and 47.35 mM, using simulated biohythane (CH<SUB>4</SUB> and hydrogen), respectively. This is the first report of methanol production from defined free and immobilized co-cultures using simulated biogas mixtures as feed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The co-culture of <I>Methanotrophs</I> is effective to produce methanol using simulated biogases. </LI> <LI> The silica-gel based encapsulated co-culture is an effective approach for methanol production. </LI> <LI> This is the first report of methanol production from immobilized co-cultures using biogas. </LI> </UL> </P>
Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Singh, Raushan K,Kumar, Ashok,Jeong, Jae-Hoon,Jeong, Seong Hun,Kalia, Vipin C.,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.241 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biohythane may be used as an alternative feed for methanol production instead of costly pure methane. In this study, methanol production potential of <I>Methylocella tundrae</I> immobilized through covalent immobilization, adsorption, and encapsulation was evaluated. Cells covalently immobilized on groundnut shells and chitosan showed a relative methanol production potential of 83.9 and 91.6%, respectively, compared to that of free cells. The maximum methanol production by free cells and cells covalently immobilized on groundnut shells and chitosan was 6.73, 6.20, and 7.23mM, respectively, using simulated biohythane as a feed. Under repeated batch conditions of eight cycles, cells covalently immobilized on chitosan and groundnut shells, and cells encapsulated in sodium-alginate resulted in significantly higher cumulative methanol production of 37.76, 31.80, and 25.58mM, respectively, than free cells (18.57mM). This is the first report on immobilization of methanotrophs on groundnut shells and its application in methanol production using biohythane as a feed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biohythane is used as a feed to produce methanol by <I>Methylocella tundrae</I>. </LI> <LI> Compared to pure CH<SUB>4</SUB> as a feed, biohythane results in 1.9-fold higher methanol production. </LI> <LI> Covalently immobilized cells result in higher methanol production than free cells. </LI> <LI> Repeated use of the immobilized cells founds effective to improve methanol production. </LI> </UL> </P>
Production of Methanol from Methane by Encapsulated Methylosinus sporium
( Sanjay K. S. Patel ),( Jae-hoon Jeong ),( Sanjeet Mehariya ),( Sachin V. Otari ),( Bharat Madan ),( Jung Rim Haw ),( Jung-kul Lee ),( Liaoyuan Zhang ),( In-won Kim ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.12
Massive reserves of methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) remain unexplored as a feedstock for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals, mainly because of the lack of economically suitable and sustainable strategies for selective oxidation of CH4 to methanol. The present study demonstrates the bioconversion of CH<sub>4</sub> to methanol mediated by Type I methanotrophs, such as Methylomicrobium album and Methylomicrobium alcaliphilum. Furthermore, immobilization of a Type II methanotroph, Methylosinus sporium, was carried out using different encapsulation methods, employing sodium-alginate (Na-alginate) and silica gel. The encapsulated cells demonstrated higher stability for methanol production. The optimal pH, temperature, and agitation rate were determined to be pH 7.0, 30oC, and 175 rpm, respectively, using inoculum (1.5 mg of dry cell mass/ml) and 20% of CH<sub>4</sub> as a feed. Under these conditions, maximum methanol production (3.43 and 3.73 mM) by the encapsulated cells was recorded. Even after six cycles of reuse, the Na-alginate and silica gel encapsulated cells retained 61.8% and 51.6% of their initial efficiency for methanol production, respectively, in comparison with the efficiency of 11.5% observed in the case of free cells. These results suggest that encapsulation of methanotrophs is a promising approach to improve the stability of methanol production.
Patel, Sanjay K.S.,Anwar, Muhammad Z.,Kumar, Ashok,Otari, Sachin V.,Pagolu, Ravi T.,Kim, Sang-Yong,Kim, In-Won,Lee, Jung-Kul Elsevier 2018 Biochemical engineering journal Vol.132 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The structural morphology and composition of a support play a key role in the performance of nanoparticle-based enzymatic biosensors. In the present study, the influence of different functional groups, including glutaraldehyde, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, carbodiimide, cyano, and polyethyleneimine for the immobilization of laccase on synthesized Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell and commercially available Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB>, SrFe<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>19</SUB>, and Y<SUB>3</SUB>Fe<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> particles was analyzed. Glutaraldehyde-activated particles showed higher laccase activity after immobilization and higher relative detection currents for 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (2,6-DMP). The multi-shelled structural morphology of Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles significantly improved the biosensing properties of immobilized laccase compared to that of spherical pure Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> and composite SrFe<SUB>12</SUB>O<SUB>19</SUB> and Y<SUB>3</SUB>Fe<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> particles. The prepared biosensors showed high selectivity towards 2,6-DMP, with a sensitivity of 452 μA/mM/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Under optimum conditions, the linear ranges of detection were as follows: 2,6-DMP (0.025–750 μM), guaiacol (0.10–250 μM), pyrogallol (0.25–250 μM), and 3,4-dihydroxy-<SMALL>L</SMALL>-phenylalanine (1.0–125 μM), with limit of detection values of 0.010, 0.052, 0.093, and 0.273 μM, respectively. Laccase immobilized on bio-friendly multi-shelled Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles showed a broad linear range of detection, the lowest limit of detection, high sensitivity and stability, good reproducibility, anti-interference and recovery, and insignificant inhibition by laccase inhibitors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell particles were used to prepare laccase biosensors. </LI> <LI> Particle composition and morphology exhibited significant variation in biosensing. </LI> <LI> Fe<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>3</SUB> yolk-shell biosensor showed a high selectivity towards 2,6-dimethoxyphenol. </LI> <LI> A broad linear range of detection with the lowest limit of detection (0.01 μM) was observed. </LI> </UL> </P>
Immobilization of Laccase on SiO2 Nanocarriers Improves Its Stability and Reusability(s)
( Sanjay K. S. Patel ),( Vipin C. Kalia ),( Joon Ho Choi ),( Jung Rim Haw ),( In Won Kim ),( Jung Kul Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2014 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.24 No.5
Laccases have a broad range of industrial applications. In this study, we immobilized laccase on SiO2 nanoparticles to overcome problems associated with stability and reusability of the free enzyme. Among different reagents used to functionally activate the nanoparticles, glutaraldehyde was found to be the most effective for immobilization. Optimization of the immobilization pH, temperature, enzyme loading, and incubation period led to a maximum immobilization yield of 75.8% and an immobilization efficiency of 92.9%. The optimum pH and temperature for immobilized laccase were 3.5 and 45°C, respectively, which differed from the values of pH 3.0 and 40°C obtained for the free enzyme. Immobilized laccase retained high residual activities over a broad range of pH and temperature. The kinetic parameter Vmax was slightly reduced from 1,890 to 1,630 μmol/min/mg protein, and Km was increased from 29.3 to 45.6. The thermal stability of immobilized laccase was significantly higher than that of the free enzyme, with a half-life 11- and 18-fold higher at temperatures of 50°C and 60°C, respectively. In addition, residual activity was 82.6% after 10 cycles of use. Thus, laccase immobilized on SiO2 nanoparticles functionally activated with glutaraldehyde has broad pH and temperature ranges, thermostability, and high reusability compared with the free enzyme. It constitutes a notably efficient system for biotechnological applications.
Nanoparticles in Biological Hydrogen Production: An Overview
Patel, Sanjay K. S.,Lee, Jung-Kul,Kalia, Vipin C. Springer-Verlag 2018 Indian journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.1
<P>Biological hydrogen (H-2) production enhancement through the use of nanoparticles (NPs) supplement in the media is being recognized as a promising approach. The NPs, including those of metal and metal oxides have shown a significant improvement in the BHP. A number of organisms as pure or mixed cultures can produce H-2 in presence of NPs from pure sugars and biowaste as a feed. However, their H-2 production efficiencies have been found to vary significantly with the type of NPs and their concentration. In this review article, the potential role of NPs in the enhancement of H-2 production has been assessed in dark- and photo-fermentative organisms using sugars and biowaste materials as feed. Further, the integrative approaches for commercial applications of NPs in BHP have been discussed.</P>