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노상하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 1999 농업생명과학연구 Vol.3 No.-
Sugar and acid in fruit are essencial chemical components which are highly concerned to fruit taste and quality. An on-line sorting system to measure the sugar and acid contents in fruit was developed. The sensing device of the system was composed of a high sensitivity CCD spectrometer, a fiber optic probe and tungsten-hallogen light source so that the transmittance spectrum of the fruit sample could be measured. The fruit samples were fed into the sensing device by an automatic feeder and conveying equipment. PLS regression models to predict the sugar content and acid content were developed with 210 Fuji apples for calibration and another 210 for prediction. Main factors affecting the prediction error were radiation intensity of light source, and conveying speed and temperature of the apple. SEP and R2 of the sugar prediction model were 0.525 Brix% and 0.8, and those of acid prediction were 0.05% and 0.29, respectively, at the sorting speed of 3 apples per second. Based on these results it was concluded that with the on-line sorter Fuji apples could be classified into three grades by sugar content and two grade by acid content.
노상하 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-
A new fruit sorter which could evaluate internal quality such as sugar, acid, etc by using VIS/NIR transmittance spectra was developed in this laboratory. In case of the transmittance spectrum data which are measured with the samples at on-line state, not only the signal intensity is very weak, but also it containes large amount of noise and variations due to the difference in physical characteristics of individual sample such as size, firmness, color, texture, etc. The aim of this study was to develop a robust calibration model to predict sugar content of intact apple. The raw spectrum data sets were preprocessed with Savitzky Golay, Multiplicative Scattering Correction(MSC), Standard Normal Variate(SNV), first derivative, Orthogonal Signal Correction(OSC) and their combinations. PLS method was used to regress the preprocessed data to the sugar contents. Smoothing and scattering correction were essential for improving the prediction performance of PLS regression model and the OSC contributed to reduction of the number of PLS factors. The first derivative gave unfavorable effect to the prediction performance. A robust calibration model could be developed by the preprocessing combination of Savitzsky Golay smoothing, MSC and OSC, which resulted in SEP=0.507 Brix%, bias=0.032 and R2 = 0.8823.
Noh, Ha Lim,Park, Young Ki,Oh, Byeong M.,Zheng, Jian,Kim, Sung-Hoon,Lee, Woosung,Kim, Jong H. Elsevier Sequoia 2019 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.301 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this this study, we present a new colorimetric chemosensor based on the isoindoline structure (<B>ID1</B>) for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ethylamines. Spectral changes in the UV–vis absorption spectrum of <B>ID1</B> were observed upon exposure to mono-ethylamine, resulting in significant and fast (<1.0 s) color changes detectable by the naked-eye. The reaction and kinetics of detection of different ethylamines (mono-, di-, and tri- ethylamines) by <B>ID1</B> were investigated via <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR and LC–MS characterization, binding stoichiometry, and association constant analyses, combined with density functional theory (DFT)-based quantum calculations. From these investigations, it was found that the mechanism of the detection is based on the nucleophilic attack, which was further evidenced by color change of <B>ID1</B> when exposed to H<SUB>2</SUB>S likely due to the similar nucleophilicity to ethylamine. <B>ID1</B> showed an efficient response to mono-ethylamine under versatile conditions, i.e., in the solution and solid (thin-films and dyed nylon fabric) states, which suggests applicability of <B>ID1</B> to simple, effective, and practical sensors.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A new isoindoline-based chemosensor (ID1) was synthesized for ethylamine detection. </LI> <LI> Ethylamine was efficiently detected based on clear color changes ID1. </LI> <LI> Sensing mechanisms and kinetics were systemically investigated. </LI> <LI> Efficient ethylamine detection under solution, thin-film, and dyed fabric was demonstrated. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>