Religious art : Reflectors of change in the Catholic church in New Mexico, 1830--1910

Sands, Shirley Jean Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Me 1999 해외박사

Forging the Detroit Consensus: The relative power cycle and the political economy of the North American automotive trade regime

Sands, Christopher M The Johns Hopkins University 2009 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study addresses the political economy of firm-state relations in the North American automotive industry from 1960 to 1994, when the governments of the United States, Canada, and eventually Mexico negotiated a series of three managed trade arrangements to govern the continental integration of automobile production: the 1965 Auto Pact between the United States and Canada; the 1989 Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement; and the 1994 North American Free Trade Agreement. During each negotiation, the General Motors Corporation, Ford Motor Company, and Chrysler Corporation adopted a joint position (Detroit Consensus) that was ultimately reflected in the details of the agreements negotiated by the governments. Following a review of contending theories of firm-state relations in economics, political science, business studies, and international relations, the study focuses on five authors whose work is used to form hypotheses about how firms and states should interact during the three negotiations and periods in between. Attention is given to the political roles of independent automotive suppliers, European and Asian automakers, and organized labor. At the heart of the study is the question: why did the firms form a Detroit Consensus position for each negotiation? Additionally, what do the firms' choices tell us about the power relations between them and these states and other firms?. For hypotheses based on four of the five authors, this study finds contradictory evidence. Specifically, while these authors posited structural dominance of either firms or states as a permanent feature of these relationships, in practice the pattern of dominant influence shifted over time. The fifth model of a dynamic cycle of relative power is found to provide the best explanation for this variation, with changes in the automotive trade regime coinciding with a Detroit Consensus for specific changes that sought to limit the loss of U.S. market share of General Motors, Ford, and Chrysler.

O captain! My captain! American public philosophy and the mystery of Lincolnism

Sands, Eric Clark University of Virginia 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Abraham Lincoln's name usually ends up near the top of every ranking of the "best" or "greatest" Presidents of the United States, yet we do not talk about Lincoln's legacy in the same way we do other great presidents. After Lincoln we do not see the emergence of a Lincolnian democracy, or a Lincolnism, based on Lincoln's own understanding of the public philosophy. In the place of a Lincolnian public philosophy, America entered an extended period of philosophical confusion in which many different ideas battled for control over American public life. The primary objective of the dissertation will be to explain what happened to Lincolnism and Lincoln's public philosophy after the Civil War. In particular, this thesis will argue that the lack of a dominant public philosophy in post-Civil War America contributed greatly to the ultimate failure of Reconstruction. To investigate these issues, this thesis will make use of the concept of a public philosophy and will employ a template created by James Ceaser for the study of that subject. The concept of a public philosophy will provide us with an analytical framework and a common vocabulary for studying the role of ideas in politics.

Fictional transformations: Educating white middle-class women and African-Americans, 1865--1900

Sands, Lisa Calgaard Emory University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Fiction provides a suggestive frame through which to view the significant transformations that were made in the education of white middle-class adolescent women and African Americans at particular moments in the second half of the nineteenth century. The fact that two of the most prevalent topics of discussion in fiction and in the popular periodical press of the period were “The Woman Question” and “The Negro Question” suggests that these two groups were set apart as “specialized” populations whose educations might need to be addressed in a particular way. With the expansion of women's opportunities for an advanced education and with the educational experiment brought about by the emancipation of a largely illiterate slave population came anxieties about the proper roles of women and African Americans in American culture. The first part of this study analyzes fiction written by five American women writers during the 1870s in response to the debate over how young white women of the middle class should be properly educated. The authors discussed (Harriet Beecher Stowe, Louisa May Alcott, Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, Lillie Devereux Blake, and the pseudonymous Jerusha Jane Jones) were actively involved in the educational debates surrounding the Woman Question—as teachers, as writers for young women and their parents, as students themselves, and as activists. The second half of this study focuses on how three ground-breaking African American writers—Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, Charles Waddell Chesnutt, and Sutton E. Griggs—portrayed in their short stories and novels the particular educational aspirations and concerns of African Americans from emancipation through Reconstruction and the early Jim Crow period. I evaluate how each literary text defines an educational agenda, how it positions the problem of women's or African American education within a larger constellation of social and pedagogical values, and how it draws upon particular literary genres, rhetorical devices, characters, and key terms to speak to a particular audience.

Correlates of child body mass index: Insight into a growing public health epidemic

Sands, Charles D The University of Alabama at Birmingham 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study involved a cross-sectional examination of a group of third graders (N = 1,785) to determine whether correlates of child body mass index (BMI) existed. Children from the Jefferson County, Alabama, area were recruited as a result of their participation in the Hi5+ dietary-intervention project. Appropriate descriptive statistics were analyzed, and the results indicate that the prevalence of overweight children is high in this cohort. In addition, multiple regression analysis revealed that there are several predictors of child BMI in this group of children, including certain portions of the diet and several psycho-social variables. It is apparent that, in light of the current obesity epidemic, determining potential correlates of increased child BMI is essential. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of the causes of child obesity so that appropriate intervention methods can be put in place.

Sad girl, mad girl, bad girl, or "odd girl out": How the actual lived experiences of seniors at a single-sex school relate to the wave of popular literature that has been written about girls over the past decade

Sands, Priscilla G University of Pennsylvania 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Over the past 25 years, there has been significant research into the lives of girls, much of which was initiated by former Harvard University professor and psychologist, Carol Gilligan. Her research challenged the way we thought about girls---how they learned and how they related to each other and to the adults in their world. A significant amount of feminist research followed, continuing to examine the way girls lead their lives and navigate through adolescence. While some of the literature grew from authentic research, other popular books and articles were anecdotal, observational or based on therapists' clinical experience. These popular formulations became intertwined with research and a de facto canon for gender. In some pop literature, girls are described as both silent and self-destructive victims, susceptible to depression, eating disorders, cutting, and drug use, or alternatively, predators and bullies who use language and peer pressure to inflict harm on friends and perceived enemies. Girls schools have been affected by not only the feminist research but also the wave of pop literature, some of which had a moralistic, alarming, and authoritarian tone that concerned both parents and educators. I have seen girls work through social issues and end their high school years feeling confident and competent, ready to face their uncertain futures. They can articulate the different stages they have experienced as well as their strategies for coping and relating to others, often in a mature and thoughtful manner. Using my annual exit interviews with seniors, as well as focus groups, I tested what some of the popular literature posits about girls against what they told me about their experience at school, and their complicated yet exciting lives. I found that while the girls were surprisingly aware of the message of the literature, they were also able to differentiate between the sensational message and the more legitimate findings. They were aware and knowledgeable about the complications of their friendships and relationships. I was struck by their insight and clarity. With some of the distance of impending graduation, they were able to reflect on their experiences with candor, honesty, and humor.

Making the diagnosis: Factors shaping diagnostic reasoning among entry level nurse practitioners

Sands, Heather Maureen University of California, Los Angeles 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Many RNs are seeking entry into nurse practitioner (NP) programs much earlier in their career trajectory, some having obtained no clinical experience prior to entering graduate school. Although the intrinsic value of previous nursing experience has never been questioned, its importance as a requirement for admission to graduate school has not been examined. In recent years, critics have suggested that NPs are not prepared to diagnose complex health problems independently and, therefore, must work side by side with a physician. The purpose of this study was to examine factors shaping the diagnostic reasoning process of 70 entry level NPs who were recent graduates from master's programs. Length of RN experience, type of RN specialty experience, decision style, critical thinking dispositions, GPA, and NP experience were the independent variables that were analyzed. Instruments included: Decision Style Inventory (DSI), California Critical Thinking Dispositions (CCTDI), and the DxR Diagnostic Reasoning Computer Software Program. The NPs in this sample demonstrated novice diagnostic reasoning skills with DxR performances marked by extensive searching for data. The results showed that previous RN experience was correlated with scores on the DxR simulation (<italic>r</italic> = .28, <italic>p</italic> = .02) and NPs with five or more years of RN experience had significantly higher DxR mean scores (<italic>t</italic> = 2.19, <italic>p</italic> = .03). A multiple regression analysis similarly identified RN experience to be a predictor of diagnostic reasoning performance, in addition to GPA and NP work experience. The CCTDI mean score of the 70 NPs in this sample was 319; NPs with at least 5 years RN experience had significantly higher CCTDI scores (<italic>t</italic> = 2.23, <italic>p</italic> = .03). No significant correlation was found between type of RN experience and DxR scores; however, mean DxR scores among NPs with limited direct patient care RN experience were the lowest despite higher critical thinking dispositions scores. The most frequently used decision style in this sample of NPs was a behavioral decision style (48%). Nurse practitioners with analytical decision styles (30%) had higher CCTDI scores (<italic>m</italic> = 328), were more likely to have extensive RN experience (>5 years), and have higher DxR scores (m = 69.8). The CCTDI and decision style scores did not significantly correlate with diagnostic reasoning performance. The results suggest that RN experience (5 or more years) and early NP practice are beneficial factors shaping diagnostic reasoning performance. Given the significance in this area, obtaining greater experience in the RN role, particularly direct patient care, should be a consideration prior to beginning a NP program. Moreover, NP students may also benefit from additional clinical hours in their programs.

Pathogenesis of cerebral lesions in a model of tuberous sclerosis: Role of the TSC2 gene product, tuberin, in corticogenesis

Sands, Tristan Timothy James Columbia University 2008 해외공개박사

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation of the TSC1 or TSC2 gene with an incidence of one in 6,000 births. Patients with TSC have variable numbers of dysplastic foci, known as cortical tubers, in their cerebral cortices, and nearly all patients suffer from seizures and many have autism, mental retardation and/or behavioral disturbances. These cerebral malformations clearly represent defects in brain development, but the pathogenesis of these lesions is not well understood. Herein is described my investigations into the etiology of cortical tubers and the function of the TSC2 gene product, tuberin, in cortical development through the creation of an RNAi-based model of TSC neuropathology. This is the first model that allows controlled replication of both cellular and histological features of cerebral TSC in vivo. The development of this model will be explained and its features characterized in relation to TSC cerebral pathology and to other models of TSC. Additionally, work using this model to elucidate the etiology of one feature of cerebral TSC, namely cortical dyslamination, will be described and a role for tuberin in neuronal migration demonstrated and explicated.

CS1 and Gender: Understanding Effects of Background and Self-Efficacy on Achievement and Interest

Sands, Philip Michigan State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Numerical Methods for the Evolution of Fields with Applications to Plasmas

Sands, William A Michigan State University ProQuest Dissertations & 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation, we present a collection of algorithms for evolving fields in plasmas with applications to the Vlasov-Maxwell system. Maxwell's equations are reformulated in terms of the Lorenz and Coulomb gauge conditions to obtain systems involving wave equations. These wave equations are solved using the methods developed in this thesis and are combined with a particle-in-cell method to simulate plasmas. The particle-in-cell methods developed in this work treat particles using several approaches, including the standard Newton-Lorenz equations, as well as a generalized momentum formulation that eliminates the need to compute time derivatives of the field data.In the first part of this thesis, we develop and extend some earlier methods for scalar wave equations, which are used to update the potentials in these formulations. Our developments are based on a class of algorithms known as the MOLT, which combines a dimensional splitting technique with a one-dimensional integral equation method. This results in methods that are unconditionally stable, can address geometry, and are \uD835\uDCAA(N), where N is the number of mesh points. Our work contributes methods to construct spatial derivatives of the potentials for this class of dimensionally-split algorithms, which are used to evolve particles.The second part of this thesis considers core algorithms used in the MOLT and the related class of successive convolution methods in the context of high-performance computing environments. We developed a novel domain decomposition approach that ultimately allows the method to be used on distributed memory computing platforms. Shared memory algorithms were developed using the Kokkos performance portability library, which permits a user to write a single code that can be executed on various computing devices with the architecture-dependent details being managed by the library. We optimized predominant loop structures in the code and developed a blocking pattern that prescribes parallelism at multiple levels and is also more cache-friendly. Moreover, the proposed iteration pattern is flexible enough to work with shared memory features available on GPU systems.The final part of this thesis presents the particle-in-cell method for the Vlasov-Maxwell system, which leverages the methods for fields and derivatives developed in this work. The proposed methods are applied to several test problems involving beams. Our results are generally encouraging and demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed field solvers in simulating basic plasma phenomena. Additionally, our results serve to validate the generalized momentum formulation, which will be the foundation of our future work.