Analysis of Heritability and Shared Heritability Based on Genome-Wide Association Studies for 13 Cancer Types

Sampson, Joshua N.,Wheeler, William A.,Yeager, Meredith,Panagiotou, Orestis,Wang, Zhaoming,Berndt, Sonja I.,Lan, Qing,Abnet, Christian C.,Amundadottir, Laufey T.,Figueroa, Jonine D.,Landi, Maria Teres U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Publ 2015 Journal of the National Cancer Institute Vol.107 No.12

<P>Background: Studies of related individuals have consistently demonstrated notable familial aggregation of cancer. We aim to estimate the heritability and genetic correlation attributable to the additive effects of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for cancer at 13 anatomical sites. Methods: Between 2007 and 2014, the US National Cancer Institute has generated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for 49 492 cancer case patients and 34 131 control patients. We apply novel mixed model methodology (GCTA) to this GWAS data to estimate the heritability of individual cancers, as well as the proportion of heritability attributable to cigarette smoking in smoking-related cancers, and the genetic correlation between pairs of cancers. Results: GWAS heritability was statistically significant at nearly all sites, with the estimates of array-based heritability, h(l)(2), on the liability threshold (LT) scale ranging from 0.05 to 0.38. Estimating the combined heritability of multiple smoking characteristics, we calculate that at least 24% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14% to 37%) and 7% (95% CI = 4% to 11%) of the heritability for lung and bladder cancer, respectively, can be attributed to genetic determinants of smoking. Most pairs of cancers studied did not show evidence of strong genetic correlation. We found only four pairs of cancers with marginally statistically significant correlations, specifically kidney and testes (rho = 0.73, SE = 0.28), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and pediatric osteosarcoma (rho = 0.53, SE = 0.21), DLBCL and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (rho = 0.51, SE = 0.18), and bladder and lung (rho = 0.35, SE = 0.14). Correlation analysis also indicates that the genetic architecture of lung cancer differs between a smoking population of European ancestry and a nonsmoking Asian population, allowing for the possibility that the genetic etiology for the same disease can vary by population and environmental exposures. Conclusion: Our results provide important insights into the genetic architecture of cancers and suggest new avenues for investigation.</P>

Prosperity Gospel in the context of Jesus' Teachings on Wealth in the Gospel of Luke

( Sampson M. Nwaomah ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2014 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.10 No.-

The discussions on prosperity gospel seem very engaging and unending. In spite of the flaws of this teaching, more and more followers seem attracted to it. One of the passages significant to the proponents of prosperity gospel is Luke 6:38, which seems to suggest that there will be abundant reaping following acts of kindness. This paper therefore investigates the overall teaching about wealth in the gospel of Luke and concludes that while Luke 6:38 may suggest that God rewards acts of kindness, it might hurt one s faith to focus on rewards as a motive for generosity or service. It further argues that rather than craving for abundance, Luke suggests caution because of the dangers wealth could pose on faith and human relationships.

마주 앉는 용기 : 정신과 수련 과정에 대한 한 전공의의 회고 One Resident's Reflections on the Psychiatric Training Process

Sampson, Shirlens 圓光大學校 醫科大學 神經精神科學敎室 1999 圓光精神醫學 Vol.15 No.1

마지막년 차의 전공의 과정이 끝나감에 따라서, 저는 지난 3년 동안의 전공의 수련 과정을 통해서 제가 환자를 치료하는 방법이 어떻게 변화되어 왔는지 이해해 보고자 노력하였습니다. 제가 비록 다른 정신과 선배들의 전공의 과정과 정신치료를 통해서 얻어진 배움에 대하여 그들이 쓴책을 읽어봄으로써 도움을 받았었지만, 지금의 나는 환자와 마주 앉을 때 이전의 나와는 무엇이 다르며, 어떻게 이런 변화가 나에게서 일어났는지 이해하여 보고 싶었습니다. 또한 삶의 양식에 관한 전문가가 되는 수련 과정을 밟고 있는 제가, 도대체 그 전문가란 것이 무엇이간에 간혹 수련 기간동안 완전히 탈진된 느낌에서 벗어날 수 없었는지 그 이유도 궁금하였습니다. 저는 정신과 수련 과정은 의사로 하여금 감정적 내성에 있어 올림픽 운동 선수가 되도록 하는 것임을 믿고 있습니다. 이는 정신과 수련 과정을 통해서 사람들이 왜 괴로움을 얻으며, 왜 사람들이 자신들이 괴로움에 대하여 그 동안 해왔던 방식으로 반응하는지 만을 이해하고 이러한 지식을 배우는 것만을 뜻하고자 하는 것은 아닙니다. 이보다는, 수련과정을 통해서 우리들 대부분도 어찌할 수 없는 강렬하고 힘든 감정을 환자들이 경험할 때, 우리가이들과 함께 동행하며, 마주 안을 수 있는 능력을 얻게 된다고 저는 믿고 있습니다. 면담 중 자신의 강렬하고 고통스런 감정을 피하기 위하여 우리가 소리치며 달아나고 싶다고 원할 수 있을지라도, 정신과 수련 과정을 통해서 우리는 힘겹게 고통을 겪고 있는 사람들과 함께 도행하는 것을 배우게 됩니다. 수련기간 동안 이런 과정이 여러 번 반복됨으로서 고통을 공유하며 지탱하는 기술과 이들과 자신을 지속적으로 돌보는 기술을 배우는 것입니다. 비록 다른 건강 전문가 또한 이런 힘든 과업을 배우지만, 일반인들은 정신과 의사에게 이런 기술의 전문가가 되기를 바랍니다. 사실 이 기술은 우리가 타과 의사들에게 자문을 할 때, 그들에게 요구하는 중요한 기술 중 하나라고 저는 믿고 있습니다.

A Contextual Study of the Attitude of Jesus towards Wealth Acquisition and Management in Luke 12:13-21

Sampson M. Nwaomah 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2009 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.1 No.-

During His ministry on earth Christ used various teaching methods, such as parables. Through these methods He wanted to modify human attitude towards even mundane things like money and inheritance. One such parable is recorded in Luke 12:13-21. It was told in response to the invitation of a younger brother for Christ to intervene in a family dispute over their inheritance. The particular dispute of these two brothers about the acquisition and management of wealth were of little concern to Christ in terms of his mission for humanity. Yet Christ through this parable provided principles that are very applicable to our contemporary society where the inordinate urge for wealth often leads people to engage in corrupt practices. This paper discusses the parable and draws contextual implications for Nigerian society.

Epigenetics: Toward improving crop disease resistance and agronomic characteristics

Sampson Chibuzo,Ikenwugwu Tuzymeshach Holyword,Okagu Innocent Uzochukwu,Yahaya Ibrahim Inuwa,Odoh Chuks Kenneth,Eze Chibuzor Nwadibe 한국식물생명공학회 2024 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.18 No.1

The performance of crop plants is critically affected by biotic and abiotic stress. These stressors threaten food availability by reducing overall crop yield and productivity. Changes in chromatin state by epigenetic modification are part of plant adap- tive and survival responses and are considered pivotal for improving agronomic traits. Epigenetics is an exciting field that involves heritable gene expression changes that do not require changes in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modification is well known as a crucial player in plant phenotypic diversity and defense against pathogens. Hence, there is a growing interest in unlocking the epigenome for crop improvement. Herein, we highlight the epigenetic modifications implicated in plant biotic stress response and their contributions to important agronomic traits. We also discussed adopting epigenetics to expand phenotypic diversity and produce desired characteristics in crop plants.

Mission Principles in Luke and Relevance to Contemporary Adventist Mission in Africa

Sampson M. Nwaomah 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2012 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.5 No.-

Awareness, Perceptions and Challenges of Contextualization among Adventist Graduate Seminary Students in Africa

( Sampson M Nwaomah ) 삼육대학교 선교와사회문제연구소 2020 Asia-Africa Journal of Mission and Ministry(AAMM) Vol.22 No.-

Christian mission mandate is evidently linked to God’s fundamental initiative and commitment to reconcile sinful humanity to himself. Thus, the church today only continues in the mission of reconciling lost humanity to God. In doing mission, however, a continuing challenge has been on how best to communicate and facilitate the acceptance of the gospel while remaining biblically faithful. This has led to the somewhat contentious practice of contextualization. Within the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Africa, the quest for contextualization seems to have sustained discussions on its concept/description, whether and how to contextualize the gospel and the challenges to such practice. Therefore, this study investigated the awareness, perceptions and challenges of contextualization among Graduate Seminary Students who are Seventh-day Adventist pastors in Africa. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. A purposive sampling method was used to select two hundred (200) Graduate Seminary students from the four masters and two doctoral programmes offered by the Adventist University of Africa, Nairobi. Ninety-two (92) of respondents participated in the survey. The data gathered from the survey were presented and discussed using frequency distribution tables. The study discovered that the pastors of the Seventh-day Adventist church in Africa claimed to be sufficiently aware of contextualization. However, some perceived it to be the same as inculturation and indigenization. The study further revealed that while the respondents agreed that contextualization could enhance mission and faith practices, there seemed to be some challenges on the spheres that contextualization could occur. Finally, the study identified some challenges to contextualization. Therefore, relevant recommendations were made based on the findings of the study

Listening Homework

Sampson, Kevin 안동대학교 어학연구소 1998 솔뫼어문논총 = Solmoe review on language and literature Vol.10 No.1

The pedagogic goal here was modest: send the students outside the classroom to listen to selected texts on their own time. All students were successful in carrying out the task. Of the 142 questionnaires that were returned, 125(88%) said that they found the homework useful and that they wanted to do the more of this kind of listening practice. This indicates that affective barriers are decreasing and that positive motivations are emerging. On this basis, our approach to student-controlled listening practice was deemed successful. The students were free to select which units they listened to and most chose at least one unit that related to the final examination(a conversation in a restaurant). This is an indication that the students are layering their language study, that is, developing skills in one area in order to accomplish a task somewhere else in place and time. This is part of the general profile of successful language learner. Given the positive responses from the teachers and students who piloted this project we decided to make listening homework part of the freshman syllabus. We are currently planning to provide listening activities on the Internet. Beyond doubt, hypertext promises to reveal the most exciting learning frontiers to appear in generations.

Drivers of fishery dynamics

David B. Sampson 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2014 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2014 No.7

[Invitation Article] A Network Approach to Neighborhoods, Cities, and Crime Based on Everyday Urban Mobility

Robert J. Sampson 한국형사법무정책연구원 2020 International Journal of Criminal Justice Vol.2 No.1