Influence of Khas Khas Grass/Mesquite Bark Fillers on the Mechanical, Hydrophobicity Behavior and Thermal Stability of Banana Fibers Reinforced Hybrid Epoxy Composites

S. Vidhya Sri,M.Balasubramanian,S. Sathees Kumar 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.12

Natural fiber composites may appear as a new replacement engineering material that can replace the use of synthetic fiber composites due to their exceptional and extensive range of variability. The outcome of the work is to transform green waste into useful green hybrid composites for a variety of applications. The aim of the present study is to determine how the fibers, such as Banana fibers, Khas Khas grass, and Mesquite bark powder (filler), affect the load-bearing, water intake, and thermal behavior of epoxy matrix composites. Mechanical, thermal, and moisture intake attributes of the composites were analyzed to identify the effectiveness of reinforcements. It is noted that the GHS-3 was found to have the highest tensile and flexural strengths of 116 and 159 MPa. The optimum impact and the hardness properties were observed on the addition of 20 wt. % of khas khas fibers. However, a more than 20 wt% inclusion of khas khas fibers and less than 10 wt% Mesquite bark powder in the resin reduced the load-bearing, bending, energy absorption, and permanent deformation capacity. The performance of the green hybrid composites at high temperatures was demonstrated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which also revealed that the improved interfacial bonding was a result of the greater thermal stability. As a result, the hybrid green composite material has strong mechanical, hydrophobicity, and thermal qualities. It can be useful in a variety of applications in place of conventional natural fibers.

Optimizing Friction Stir Welding Parameters to Maximize Tensile Strength of AA2219 Aluminum Alloy Joints

S. Babu,K. Elangovan,V. Balasubramanian,M. Balasubramanian 대한금속·재료학회 2009 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.15 No.2

AA2219 aluminium alloy (Al-Cu-Mn alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. In contrast to the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force etc., and the tool pin profile play a major role in determining the joint strength. An attempt has been made here to develop a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy by incorporating FSW process parameters. A central composite design with four factors and five levels has been used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. The response surface method (RSM) has been used to develop the model. The developed mathematical model has been optimized using the Hooke and Jeeves search technique to maximize the tensile strength of the friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy joints. AA2219 aluminium alloy (Al-Cu-Mn alloy) has gathered wide acceptance in the fabrication of lightweight structures requiring a high strength-to-weight ratio and good corrosion resistance. In contrast to the fusion welding processes that are routinely used for joining structural aluminium alloys, the friction stir welding (FSW) process is an emerging solid state joining process in which the material that is being welded does not melt and recast. This process uses a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat in the abutting surfaces. The welding parameters such as tool rotational speed, welding speed, axial force etc., and the tool pin profile play a major role in determining the joint strength. An attempt has been made here to develop a mathematical model to predict the tensile strength of friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy by incorporating FSW process parameters. A central composite design with four factors and five levels has been used to minimize the number of experimental conditions. The response surface method (RSM) has been used to develop the model. The developed mathematical model has been optimized using the Hooke and Jeeves search technique to maximize the tensile strength of the friction stir welded AA2219 aluminium alloy joints.

Effect of Nisin??s Controlled Release on Microbial Growth as Modeled for Micrococcus luteus

Balasubramanian, A.,Lee, D. S.,Chikindas, M. L.,Yam, K. L. Springer Science + Business Media 2011 Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins Vol.3 No.2

Inclusion of dietary β-mannanase improves performance and ileal digestibility and reduces ileal digesta viscosity of broilers fed corn-soybean meal based diet

Balasubramanian, B,Ingale, S L,Park, J Hong,Rathi, P C,Shanmugam, S,Kim, I H Poultry Science Association 2018 Poultry science Vol.97 No.9

An Improved Method for Estimation of Elastic Lateral Stiffness of Brick Masonry Shear Walls with Openings

S. R. Balasubramanian,K. Balaji Rao,Dhiman Basu,M. B. Anoop,C. V. Vaidyanathan 대한토목학회 2011 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.15 No.2

From a review of literature, it is found that while few methods are proposed by various researchers for estimation of lateral stiffness of brick masonry walls with openings, these methods are suitable for strong spandrel-weak pier condition. For weak spandrel-strong pier condition, these methods over estimate the stiffness. An improved method for estimation of stiffness of brick masonry shear walls with opening is presented in this paper. For the weak spandrel-strong pier condition, they overestimate the stiffness of the wall. The proposed method is applicable to both strong spandrel-weak pier and weak spandrel-strong pier conditions. It has been observed that the results of the proposed method are generally in good agreement with the results of finite element analysis and experimental results and are better than the other methods available in literature.

An approximation scheme for the numerical solution of hiv infection of CD T-cells using Chebyshev wavelets

S. RAJA BALACHANDAR,S.G. VENKATESH,S.K.AYYASWAMY,K. BALASUBRAMANIAN,K. KRISHNAVENI 장전수학회 2019 Proceedings of the Jangjeon mathematical society Vol.22 No.4

In this paper, the Chebyshev wavelets method for solving a model for HIV infection of CD4+ T-cells is studied. The properties of Chebyshev wavelets and their operational matrices are rst presented and then are used to convert into algebraic equations. Also the convergence and error analysis for the proposed technique is discussed. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the valid- ity and applicability of the technique. The eciency of the proposed method is compared with other traditional methods and it is observed that the Chebyshev wavelet method is more convenient than the other methods in terms of applica- bility, eciency, accuracy, error and computational eort.

Development and quality of porcine embryos in different culture system and embryo-producing methods

Ock, S-A.,Lee, S-L.,Kim, J-G.,Kumar, B-M.,Balasubramanian, S.,Choe, S-Y.,Rho, G-J. Cambridge University Press 2007 Zygote Vol.15 No.1

<B>SUMMARY</B><P>In this study, the developmental ability and cellular composition of porcine IVF, parthenote and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos were evaluated following different <I>in vitro</I> culture systems. Group 1, embryos were cultured in NCSU-23 with 5.55 mM D-glucose (NCSU+) until day 6 on 20% O2 or 5% O2 (Group 2). Group 3, embryos were cultured in D-glucose-free NCSU-23 (NCSU−) with 0.17 mM Na pyruvate/2.73 mM Na lactate for 58 h and subsequently cultured in NCSU+ until day 6 (NCSU −/+) on 20% O2 or 5% O2 (Group 4). IVF blastocysts did not differ significantly with O2 concentrations, but differed significantly with major energy source (glucose and pyruvate/lactate). In Group 3 and 4 IVF blastocysts, the total cell number and apoptosis rates were not significantly different with different O2 concentrations. Blastocyst rate, total cell number and apoptosis rate in Groups 3 and 4 parthenote embryos also were not significantly different. Parthenote and SCNT, under the same culture treatment, exhibited significant differences in blastocyst and apoptosis rates (47.5 ± 16.1 vs. 24.0 ± 4.0 and 4.9 ± 9.0 vs. 22.8 ± 23.3). Apoptosis-generating rate increased in the order parthenote, IVF and then SCNT. In conclusion, <I>in vitro</I> development of porcine embryos was not affected by O2 concentrations but was affected by major energy source. Even so, the concentration of each major energy source and the timing of its inclusion in culture could accomplish relatively high embryonic development, the apoptosis rate stressed that more work still needs to be done in developing a better defined culture system that could support SCNT embryos equivalent to <I>in vivo</I> preimplantation porcine embryos.</P>

In silico studies on 2-substituted phenol quinazoline derivatives as RET receptor tyrosine kinase antagonists

Bhujbal, S. P.,Balasubramanian, P. K.,Joo Cho, S. BIRKHAEUSER 2017 MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY RESEARCH Vol.26 No.12

Cellular Composition and Viability of Cloned Bovine Embryos Using Exogene-Transfected Somatic Cells

Lee, S-L,Kumar, BM,Kim, J-G,Ock, S-A,Jeon, B-G,Balasubramanian, S,Choe, S-Y,Rho, G-J KOCH NEFF UND OETINGER 2007 REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS Vol.42 No.1

<P>Contents</P><P>The present study compared the efficiency of transgenic (TG) cloned embryo production by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) with fetal-derived fibroblast cells (FFCs) which were transfected with pEGFP-N1 to <I>in vitro</I>-fertilized (IVF), parthenogenetic and SCNT counterparts by evaluating the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation, apoptosis rate at different developmental stages, cell number, ploidy and gene expression in blastocysts. In SCNT and TG embryos, the rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation were significantly lower (p < 0.05) than those of IVF controls, but it did not differ between SCNT and TG embryos. In IVF control, 86.7% embryos displayed diploid chromosomal complements and the rates were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those of SCNT and TG embryos. Most TG embryos (79%) with FFCs expressed the gene by both PCR and under fluorescence microscopy. The expression of apoptosis by TUNEL was first detected at six to eight cell stages in all embryos of IVF, SCNT and TG groups, but the expression rate at each developmental stages was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in SCNT and TG embryos than in IVF counterparts. The expression rate in inner cell mass (ICM) of TG embryos was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in SCNT and IVF embryos. These results indicate that the high occurrence of apoptosis observed in SCNT and TG embryos compared with IVF counterparts might influence the developmental competence. Moreover, the SCNT embryos derived using non-transfected donor cells exhibited a lower apoptosis expression in ICM cells than in TG embryos derived using pEGP-N1-transfected donor cells suggesting a possible role of negative gene effect in TG embryos.</P>

Cytogenetic endpoints and Xenobiotic gene polymorphism in lymphocytes of hospital workers chronically exposed to ionizing radiation in Cardiology, Radiology and Orthopedic Laboratories

Vellingiri, B.,Shanmugam, S.,Subramaniam, M.D.,Balasubramanian, B.,Meyyazhagan, A.,Alagamuthu, K.,Prakash, V.,Shafiahammedkhan, M.,Kathannan, S.,Pappuswamy, M.,Raviganesh, B.,Anand, S.,Shahnaz N, D.,C Academic Press 2014 Ecotoxicology and environmental safety Vol.100 No.-

Ionizing radiation (IR) is known as a classical mutagen capable of inducing various kinds of stable and unstable chromosomal aberrations (CA) including the possibility of increasing the incidence of DNA damage. This study aims to assess occupationally induced CA in workers chronically exposed to low doses of IR in Radiology (RL), Cardiology (CL) and Orthopedic (OL) Laboratories in hospitals of Tamil Nadu. We performed the analysis of CA by trypsin G-banding, micronucleus (MN) assay, Comet assay and Xenobiotic-metabolizing gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) in 56 exposed and 56 control subjects who were matched for gender and age (+/-2 years). Higher degree of CA and MN frequencies were observed in exposed groups, especially in CL subjects compared to other exposed groups and controls (p<0.05). Higher frequency of DNA tail length and tail moment was observed in the CL exposed subjects compared to the RL and OL subjects. The frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes were 39.3 percent and 14.3 percent, respectively. No significant difference in allele frequencies between exposed subjects and controls were observed (p=0.0128). Using multiple linear regression analysis, statistical significance was determined for work duration and age for the CL, RL and OL workers and the examination of the possible impact by confounding factors showed few significant influences on the radiation exposure, as a specific biomarker. However, the findings from the present study suggest that, awareness should be created among the personnel exposed to radiations in hospital laboratories, highlighting the necessity of applying radiation protection principles against medical radiation exposure.