Fluoroscopic Characterization of Colonic Dysmotility Associated to Opioid and Cannabinoid Agonists in Conscious Rats

Susana Díaz-Ruano,Ana E López-Pérez,Rocío Girón,Irene Pérez-García,María I Martín-Fontelles,Raquel Abalo 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2019 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.25 No.2

Background/Aims Gastrointestinal adverse effects have a major impact on health and quality of life in analgesics users. Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal motility are of high interest. Fluoroscopy has been previously used to study gastrointestinal motility in small experimental animals, but they were generally anesthetized and anesthesia itself may alter motility. In this study, our aim is to determine, in conscious rats, the effect of increasing doses of 2 opioid (morphine and loperamide) and 1 cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2) agonists on colonic motility using fluoroscopic recordings and spatio-temporal maps. Methods Male Wistar rats received barium sulfate intragastrically, 20–22 hours before fluoroscopy, so that stained fecal pellets could be seen at the time of recording. Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine, loperamide, or WIN 55,212-2 (at 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or their corresponding vehicles (saline, Cremophor, and Tocrisolve, respectively), 30 minutes before fluoroscopy. Rats were conscious and placed within movement-restrainers for the length of fluoroscopic recordings (120 seconds). Spatio-temporal maps were built, and different parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic recordings in a blinded fashion to evaluate colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets. Results The analgesic drugs inhibited propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Fluoroscopy allows studying colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in conscious rats. Our method may be applied to the noninvasive study of the effect of different drug treatments and pathologies. Background/Aims Gastrointestinal adverse effects have a major impact on health and quality of life in analgesics users. Non-invasive methods to study gastrointestinal motility are of high interest. Fluoroscopy has been previously used to study gastrointestinal motility in small experimental animals, but they were generally anesthetized and anesthesia itself may alter motility. In this study, our aim is to determine, in conscious rats, the effect of increasing doses of 2 opioid (morphine and loperamide) and 1 cannabinoid (WIN 55,212-2) agonists on colonic motility using fluoroscopic recordings and spatio-temporal maps. Methods Male Wistar rats received barium sulfate intragastrically, 20–22 hours before fluoroscopy, so that stained fecal pellets could be seen at the time of recording. Animals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine, loperamide, or WIN 55,212-2 (at 0.1, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) or their corresponding vehicles (saline, Cremophor, and Tocrisolve, respectively), 30 minutes before fluoroscopy. Rats were conscious and placed within movement-restrainers for the length of fluoroscopic recordings (120 seconds). Spatio-temporal maps were built, and different parameters were analyzed from the fluoroscopic recordings in a blinded fashion to evaluate colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets. Results The analgesic drugs inhibited propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Fluoroscopy allows studying colonic propulsion of endogenous fecal pellets in conscious rats. Our method may be applied to the noninvasive study of the effect of different drug treatments and pathologies.

[Global Review] 리세우 오페라 합창단 & 관현악단 ‘맥베스’ : 무대 장치, 의상과 안무가 강조된 비쥬얼 아티스트의 연출

박마린,David Ruano(사진) 리음아트앤컴퍼니 2023 월간리뷰 Vol.2023 No.4

A review on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) focused on modelling and control aspects

Robles, Á,ngel,Ruano, Maria Victoria,Charfi, Amine,Lesage, Geoffroy,Heran, Marc,Harmand, Jé,rô,me,Seco, Aurora,Steyer, Jean-Philippe,Batstone, Damien J.,Kim, Jeonghwan,Ferrer, Jos&eac Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.270 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The use of anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology (AnMBR) is rapidly expanding. However, depending on the application, AnMBR design and operation is not fully mature, and needs further research to optimize process efficiency and enhance applicability. This paper reviews state-of-the-art of AnMBR focusing on modelling and control aspects. Quantitative environmental and economic evaluation has demonstrated substantial advantages in application of AnMBR to domestic wastewater treatment, but detailed modelling is less mature. While anaerobic process modelling is generally mature, more work is needed on integrated models which include coupling between membrane performance (including fouling) and the biological process. This should include microbial factors, which are important to generation of specific foulants such as soluble and particulate inert organics. Mature and well-established control tools, including better feedback control strategies are also required for both the process, and for fouling control.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> AnMBR needs further research to optimize process efficiency. </LI> <LI> Modelling can provide insight into the factors playing a key role in AnMBR. </LI> <LI> Process models still face a long path to adaptation in practice. </LI> <LI> Better understanding of fouling mechanisms in AnMBRs is required. </LI> <LI> Control strategies can be further optimized from mechanistic knowledge of fouling. </LI> </UL> </P>

Volatiles from Marina neglecta: Biocide effect on insect vectors of tropical diseases in Southern Mexico

Pacheco-Hernández Yesenia,Jonnathan Castro-Juárez Carlos,Alberto Ramírez-García Sergio,Cruz-Durán Ramiro,Lozoya-Gloria Edmundo,Villa-Ruano Nemesio 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.2

Preventive measures based in the control of insect vectors are considered as the best choice to decrease the incidence of insect-borne diseases. Herein we report on the volatile content of the leaf essential oils from Marina neglecta, a medicinal plant distributed in the tropical regions of southern Mexico. In order to investigate the chemical variation of the essential oils, a volatile screening was performed during the four seasons of the years 2016–2019. Simultaneously, their biological activity was tested on distinct life stages of Meccus pallidipennis, M. bassolsae, Aedes aegypti and A. albopictus. Essential oils were mainly constituted of β-pinene (>30%) β-car yophyllene (>25%) and germacrene D (>13%). Dorsal-abdomen application of essential oils on triatomines, revealed an efficient LC 50 for nymphs of the stages I to III (4 µg/insect), nymphs of the stages IV to V (5–6 µg/ insect), and adults (7–8 µg/insect). The LT 50 for the stages I to III was between 6 and 8 h, whereas that for the stages IV to V and adults oscillated between 12 and 16 h and 22 to 26 h, respectively. Fumigation experiments performed on nymph V, demonstrated that 300 µg L − 1 air produced 100% mortality after 72 h post-treatment. Among tested volatiles, β-pinene and β-caryophyllene produced a comparable mortality rate (p < 0.01) than that of essential oils in the stages assayed. Essential oils showed strong larvicidal (LC 50 , 24–36 µg mL − 1 ) and adul ticidal (35–48 µg mL − 1 ) activities in mosquito species with an LT 50 of 4.5 h and 25–35 min, respectively. The evaluation of β-pinene produced a significant mortality rate (p < 0.01) in larvae whereas germacrene D was the most effective volatile (p < 0.01) against adults of both mosquito species. According to our results, β-pinene was the most effective volatile against the four insect species evaluated and its effect was comparable to that of the essential oil.

Formulations of Beauveria bassiana MABb1 and mesoporous materials for the biological control of Sphenarium purpurascens in maize crops from Puebla, Mexico

Romero-Arenas Omar,Amaro-Leal Luis Josué,Rivera Antonio,Parraguirre-Lezama Conrado,Sánchez-Morales Primo,Villa-Ruano Nemesio 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

This investigation reports on the biological control of Sphenarium purpurascens by using different concentrations of conidia from a native strain of Beauveria bassiana (MABb1) isolated in Puebla, Mexico under laboratory and in situ conditions. Formulations containing this native strain combined with two mesoporous materials (diatomaceous earth “D” and zeolite “Z”) were assayed in order to determine their effect on the mortality of the grasshopper. Concentrations of 3.67 × 108 to 10.30 × 108 conidia mL−1 caused a substantial mortality rate in the fourth-instar nymphs and adults of S. purpurascens. The observed mortality was directly proportional to the concentration of conidia. Under controlled conditions, the highest specific death rate K(d−1) was 0.78 for the formulation containing Z + D + MABb1 at 72 h post-infection. The formulations of D + MABb1 and Z + D + MABb1 caused a noticeable decrease in the population of grasshoppers in the experimental plots with statistical significant differences (α < 0.05). Interestingly, an increase in the mortality of S purpurascens occurred in July, August and September 2017 when the highest incidence of the grasshopper was recorded. Remarkably, the treatment based on Z + D + MABb1, produced an improvement in the yields of experimental maize plots (7847.4 ± 0.70 Kg ha−1) in comparison to control plots (4453.9 ± 0.50 Kg ha−1). These favorable consequences are reported for the first time in corn crops from Mexico.

Update on <i>ɛ</i>_<i>K</i> with lattice QCD inputs

Jang, Yong-Chull,Lee, Weonjong,Lee, Sunkyu,Leem, Jaehoon,Della Morte, M.,Fritzsch, P.,Gá,miz Sá,nchez, E.,Pena Ruano, C. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.175 No.-

<P>We report updated results for <I>ɛ</I><I>K</I>, the indirect CP violation parameter in neutral kaons, which is evaluated directly from the standard model with lattice QCD inputs. We use lattice QCD inputs to fix [see formula in PDF], and <I>m</I><I>c</I>(<I>m</I><I>c</I>). Since Lattice 2016, the UTfit group has updated the Wolfenstein parameters in the angle-only-fit method, and the HFLAV group has also updated |<I>V</I><I>cb</I>|. Our results show that the evaluation of <I>ɛ</I><I>K</I> with exclusive |<I>V</I><I>cb</I>| (lattice QCD inputs) has 4.0σ tension with the experimental value, while that with inclusive |<I>V</I><I>cb</I>| (heavy quark expansion based on OPE and QCD sum rules) shows no tension.</P>

calculation of <i>B</i> → <i>D*l</i><i>v</i> form factor at zero recoil using the Oktay-Kronfeld action

Bailey, Jon A.,Bhattacharya, Tanmoy,Gupta, Rajan,Jang, Yong-Chull,Lee, Weonjong,Leem, Jaehoon,Park, Sungwoo,Yoon, Boram,Della Morte, M.,Fritzsch, P.,Gá,miz Sá,nchez, E.,Pena Ruano, C. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.175 No.-

<P>We present the first preliminary results for the semileptonic form factor <I>h</I><I>A</I>1 (<I>w</I> = 1)/<I>ρ</I><I>A</I><I>j</I> at zero recoil for the <I>B</I> → <I>D*l</I><I>v</I> decay using lattice QCD with four flavors of sea quarks. We use the HISQ staggered action for the light valence and sea quarks (the MILC HISQ configurations), and the Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action for the heavy valence quarks.</P>

Clavulanic Acid Is a Leading Culprit Beta-Lactam in Immediate Allergic Reactions to Penicillins

Torres-Rojas Isabel,Pérez-Alzate Diana,Somoza Maria Luisa,Pfeifer Ana Prieto-Moreno,Diaz Elisa Haroun,Jimenez-Rodriguez Teodorikez W,Sánchez Javier Fernández,Ruano Francisco J,Blanca Miguel,Blanca-Lóp 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: Clavulanate, a beta-lactam associated with amoxicillin, is frequently prescribed in patients at all ages. Recent data implicate amoxicillin-clavulanate in up to 80% of beta-lactam allergy cases. We assessed clavulanate’s role in inducing allergic reactions to this combination treatment, with a focus on selective immediate reactions. Methods: Adults (≥ 16 years) reporting a history of immediate reactions to amoxicillin-clavulanate were evaluated through a beta-lactam allergological workup, using modified European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology guidelines. Patients first underwent skin testing, and if negative, drug provocation tests. Expected outcomes were: Group A, subjects with immediate reaction to classical penicillin group determinants (penicilloyl polylysine, minor determinants mixture, and/or penicillin G); Group B, subjects with selective immediate reaction to amoxicillin; Group C, subjects with selective immediate reaction to clavulanate and Group D, those immediate reactions with co-sensitization to clavulanate plus penicillin group determinants or amoxicillin. Results: Of 1,170 included patients, 104 had immediate reactions: 36.5% to penicillin group determinants (Group A), 26.9% to amoxicillin (Group B), 32.7% to clavulanate (Group C), and 3.8% to clavulanate plus penicillin determinants or amoxicillin (Group D). Diagnosis was made by skin testing in 79%, 75% and 47% of the patients, respectively, in the first 3 groups (P < 0.001). Drug provocation tests were necessary to establish most other diagnoses. Anaphylaxis predominated over urticaria/angioedema in all groups. Conclusions: Selective immediate reactions to clavulanate accounted for over a third of cases with confirmed reactions after amoxicillin-clavulanate intake, with more than half experiencing anaphylaxis. Within this group, skin test sensitivity was below 50%. People taking amoxicillin-clavulanate may also be co-sensitized to both drugs.

Improvement of heavy-heavy current for calculation of B̅ → D^(*)lv̅ form factors using Oktay-Kronfeld heavy quarks

Bailey, Jon A.,Jang, Yong-Chull,Lee, Weonjong,Leem, Jaehoon,Della Morte, M.,Fritzsch, P.,Gá,miz Sá,nchez, E.,Pena Ruano, C. EDP Sciences 2018 The European Physical Journal Conferences Vol.175 No.-

<P>The CKM matrix element |<I>V</I><I>cb</I>| can be extracted by combining data from experiments with lattice QCD results for the semileptonic form factors for the <I>B̅</I> → <I>D(*)lv̅</I> decays. The Oktay-Kronfeld (OK) action was designed to reduce heavy-quark discretization errors to below 1%, or through O(λ<SUP>3</SUP>) in HQET power counting. Here we describe recent progress on bottom-to-charm currents improved to the same order in HQET as the OK action, and correct formerly reported results of our matching calculations, in which the operator basis was incomplete.</P>