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Regmi, Chhabilal,Kshetri, Yuwaraj K.,Dhakal, Dipesh,Sohng, Jae Kyung,Rosei, Federico,Lee, Soo Wohn Elsevier 2019 APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE - Vol.466 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Doping with non-metals like phosphorous has been extensively investigated to extend radiation absorption and improve the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. However, the effect of non-metal doping in BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>, whose smaller bandgap (2.4 eV) allows for efficient visible light absorption, has been scarcely investigated. Visible light accounts for 45% of solar energy (as compared to only 5% of UV light) reaching the Earth’s surface. Due to its high efficiency in absorbing visible radiation, BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> can, therefore, be a promising material to replace TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Here we demonstrate the synthesis of phosphate doped visible-light-active BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> by a microwave hydrothermal method as a promising alternative to TiO<SUB>2</SUB>. Subsequently, we investigated its photocatalytic activity for the removal of p-amino salicylic acid and ibuprofen, two cases of major pharmaceutical waste, as well as disinfection of multi-drug resistance <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> bacteria. In addition, the biofilm elimination efficiency of the undoped and phosphate doped BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was studied by crystal violet staining method. A 70% reduction in the biofilm biomass by phosphate doped BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> was obtained. Also, a 4.1log reduction in the viable cells count was observed within 180 min when <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> was irradiated with visible light mixed in phosphate doped BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> powder. Under similar irradiation conditions, the degradation efficiency for p-amino salicylic acid and ibuprofen are 81% and 80% respectively, a 40% enhancement as compared to undoped BiVO<SUB>4</SUB>. First principle density functional theory calculations show that charge transfer from P to O in the doping site of the BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> is responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Phosphate doped BiVO<SUB>4</SUB> photocatalyst was prepared by a facile microwave-hydrothermal process. </LI> <LI> The catalyst was highly efficient for the degradation of the ibuprofen and p-amino salicylic acid. </LI> <LI> Effective inactivation of <I>S. aureus</I> bacteria under visible light was observed. </LI> <LI> Substantial inhibition of biofilm formation was observed in the presence of the photocatalyst. </LI> <LI> Underlying mechanism has been proposed through the DFT Calculation. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>