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- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Robinson, Stacie J (검색결과 285 건)
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Landscape genetics and epidemiology of chronic wasting disease in Midwestern white-tailed deer
Robinson, Stacie J The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2012 해외박사(DDOD)
Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a fatal prion disease, is a major concern for the management of North American cervid populations. The detection of CWD in Wisconsin white-tailed deer precipitated rapid management efforts to contain the disease, along with economic losses in wildlife recreation and public unease. Understanding the impacts and dynamics of CWD in Wisconsin has become imperative to biologically-sound deer management. Molecular ecology of the host species provides an exciting new tool to understand epidemiological processes because individual genetic variation may affect disease resistance and population genetic structure may influence both the local transmission and broad-scale spatial spread of disease. To address the complex questions related to CWD in the Midwest, we employed a multi-disciplinary framework drawing on methods from landscape genetics, epidemiology, and statistical modeling. We first investigated individual-level heterogeneity in CWD susceptibility. We found that common genetic polymorphisms led to differences in disease infection and mortality rates allowing resistant deer to achieve higher population growth and obtain a long-term fitness advantage. This provides a rare demonstration of disease-driven natural selection in a free-ranging wildlife population and has implications for long-term disease management. We then examined broad-scale variation in disease patterns. To understand the linkage from ecological processes to host biology and then to disease dynamics we used landscape genetics and spatial analysis to investigate landscape influences on deer movement and population connectivity. Local genetic neighborhood structure was correlated with the amount and arrangement of forested habitat, and landscape-scale population connectivity was shaped by impediments to deer dispersal. These patterns of genetic connectivity were used to parameterize models of disease distribution across a region and predict CWD distribution across the landscape. We showed that risk of CWD infection declined with distance moving away from current disease foci, and was affected by landscape barriers identified through gene flow models. Our combination of population genetics and spatial epidemiological analysis led us to identify the landscape characteristics that shape animal movement and influence contact rates between populations. We were able to generate a predictive map of CWD risk that will provide a useful tool for disease management planning and public information.
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Identifying personal factors associated with participation in community walking following stroke
Robinson, Cynthia A University of Washington 2010 해외박사(DDOD)
Objective. The purposes of this dissertation were to: (1) examine the association between subjective and objective measures of participation in community walking; and (2) examine the association between personal factors and participation in community walking. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. Ambulatory clinic and community. Participants. Fifty community-dwelling survivors of stroke age 50-79. Interventions. Not applicable. Main outcome measures. Participants provided health status information. Participation in community walking was measured using self-report (number of trips and walking-related activities reported prospectively over a 7 day period) and step data (pedometer data collected prospectively over a 7 day period). Personal factors (age, sex, number of co-morbidities, fatigue, depression, self-efficacy related to balance and falls, and importance) were assessed. The association between subjective and objective measures of participation was analyzed using Pearson correlation. The association of personal factors with measures of participation was analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results. Participation in community walking is very important to and reduced among survivors of stroke. Subjective and objective measures of participation related to community walking are only weakly associated. Self-efficacy was the only personal factor that was strongly associated with both subjective and objective measures of participation. Personal factors explained 31-53% (p < 0.01 for all) of the variability in participation in community walking. Conclusions. Personal factors are associated with subjective and objective measures of participation, and explain more of the variability in community walking following stroke than physical factors (Robinson et al., 2007) or environmental factors (Matsuda et al., 2007) alone or in combination (Robinson and Matsuda, 2007). It is likely a combination of physical, environmental, and personal factors that explain variability in community walking following stroke. Due to the weak association between subjective and objective measures of participation, it is important to measure both.
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Robinson, Johnathan Christian ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Arizona State Univ 2019 해외박사(DDOD)
Throughout centuries of great classical music, many clarinet compositions have been adapted from a wealth of literature for string instruments and instruments of similar ranges. Viola, violin, and cello literature can often be adapted into challenging literature for the clarinet. While the works of English composer and violist, Rebecca Clarke (1886–1979), have gained popularity in the early 2000s, many of her compositions have yet to be discovered by musicians performing on wind instruments of similar ranges.While legendary western composers such as Mozart, Weber, and Brahms, will continue to be enduring icons in classic clarinet literature, performers and educators alike should always consider the integration of transcribed works for the expansion and diversity of the repertoire. Although a sizeable amount of literature for clarinet is contained in orchestral and chamber works of the late-Romantic era, the availability of solo clarinet literature in this style is lacking. The purpose of the project is the addition of Rebecca Clarke’s 1919 Viola Sonata for B-flat soprano clarinet and piano to the solo clarinet repertoire. The transcription preserves the integrity of the original music while exploring the virtuosic nature of the clarinet and its interaction with the piano. Comments on the historical background of Clarke’s Viola Sonata and the transcription procedures are provided as well.
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Caregivers' internal working models: The Circle of Security Interview classification system
Robinson, Lina Lynise University of Virginia 2003 해외박사(DDOD)
Research suggests that the quality of a child's attachment is strongly related to parental caregiving behavioral patterns and internal working models (IWMs) about their relationship with their children and their own parents (George & Solomon, 1999; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985). Child attachment status has been used to identify a child's level of risk for future behavior problems, as well as interpersonal and academic difficulties (Greenberg, 1999). Currently, attachment research and assessment procedures are being applied to clinical-interventions with at-risk infant/child-parent dyads (e.g., Dozier, Stovall, Albus, & Bates, 2001; Marvin, Cooper, Hoffman, & Powell, 1999, 2002). Many of the assessment tools, such as IWM interviews, are impractical for direct clinical use. The primary objective of the current study was to develop an efficient, reliable, and theoretically sound coding system for a new attachment-based interview, the Circle of Security Interview (COSI; Copper, Hoffman, Marvin, & Powell, 1999), which assesses caregivers' IWMs. The COSI combines questions from 3 well-used attachment interviews: Post Strange Situation Interviews (PSSI), Parent Development Interview (PDI), and Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). The COSI Classification System (Robinson & Marvin, 2001) draws conceptually and methodologically from these individual interviews, and from the Caregiver Behavior System (CBS; Marvin & Britner, 1995) and Preschool Attachment Classification System (Cassidy & Marvin, 1992). Sixty-two child-parent dyads from the Head Start and Early Head Start programs in Washington State participated in the current study. Exact inter-rater agreement across the 5 classifications was 51% (K = .35, <italic>p</italic> = .000), 71% (K = .40, <italic>p</italic> = .004) at the ordered/disordered level, and 92% (K = .46, <italic>p</italic> = .001) at the secure/insecure levels of classification groupings. This suggests that the coders were moderately reliable in measuring these high-risk caregivers distinct IWM classifications. Revisions to the manual are suggested to increase inter-rater agreement. Partial support was provided for the theoretical proposition that caregivers IWMs serve as an organizing “framework” for their caregiving behavior. Caregiving IWMs were related to both caregivers' behavior and child attachment at the ordered/disordered and secure/insecure level. There was no systematic relationship when the 5 major classifications were compared. Results are discussed in terms of their theoretical, clinical, and research implications.
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