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눈의 물리적인 특성과 유사한 펄 원료 개발 및 이를 이용한 화장료 조성물 제조방법
이윤하 ( Yunha Lee ),김경남 ( Kyung Nam Kim ),선우건 ( Gun Sunwoo ),( Norbert Rick ),( Antje Reichnek ),최영진 ( Yeongjin Choi ),고승용 ( Seungyong Ko ),한상훈 ( Sanghun Han ),강학희 ( Hakhee Kang ),이옥섭 ( Oksub Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2008 대한화장품학회지 Vol.34 No.3
화장품 분야에서 펄 안료는 다양하게 적용되어져 왔다. 지금까지 가장 대중적으로 사용된 펄 안료는 마이카 기재에 산화철이 코팅된 것이었지만, 최종 제품에 이와 같은 펄을 사용하게 될 경우 천연 마이카에 함유된 불순물로 인해 약간의 불투명한 노란 색상이 띄게 된다[1,2]. 본 연구는 눈과 같은 반짝임을 제공하는 펄 안료 개발에 초점을 맞췄고, 눈과 같은 효과는 펄 안료의 구조와 순도 등의 영향 때문인 것을 알게 되었다. 특히, 이번 펄 안료 개발은 유리 기재와 산화철을 코팅시켜 눈의 광학적인 값(refractive index)과 입자 크기(particle size)를 눈과 유사하게 개발하였고 이는 눈과 같이 화려한 반짝임(glittering) 효과를 구현할 수 있게 되었다. 그리고 메이크업 제품에 본 펄 안료를 적용하여 화려한 제품을 개발하게 되었다. Pearlescent pigments have been widely used in cosmetic applications. Up to date; the most widely used pearl effect pigment is the mica-based pigment, which uses natural mica as the substrate that is in turn coated with metal oxide interference layer. However, when natural mica is employed as a base material the final product often has a yellowish color, mainly due to the fact that natural mica contains low levels of iron as an impurity[1,2]. This study was focused on developing a pearl pigment which might have a similar sparkling effect as snow. This effect was found to be due to its structure and purity, and this concept was also applied to development of our pearl pigments. More specifically, this invented pearl effect pigments are the mixture of glass-flake and glass-flake coated metal oxides and present the optical properties of snow matrix such as refractive index and particle size, unlike only the glass-flake or glass-flake coated metal oxides to be applied in. Using base material having similar physical properties (refractive index and particle size) as snow matrix as platelet for pearl effect pigments, these invented pigments present a three-dimensional glittering effect of the snow matrix. With this invented pigments an applied; we achieved the beauty of snow crystal from makeup products containing these pigments.
EFFECTS OF ABSCISIC ACID AND XANTHOXIN ON ELONGATION AND GRAVITROPISM IN PRIMARY ROOTS OF ZEA MAYS
LEE, JUNE S.,HASENSTEIN, KARL-HEINZ,MULKEY, TIMOTHY J.,YANG, RICK L.,EVANS, MICHAEL L. 이화여자대학교 생명과학연구소 1990 생명과학연구논문집 Vol.1 No.-
We examined the involvement of abscisic acid(ABA) and xanthoxin(Xan)in maize root gravitropism by(1) testing the ability of ABA to allow positive gravitropism in dar-grown seedling of the maize cultivar LG11, a cultivar known to require light for positive gravitropism of the primary root,(2) comparing survature in roots in which half of the cap had been excised and replaced with agar containing either ABA or indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),(3)measuring gravitropism in roots of seedings sub merged in oxygenated solutions of ABA or IAA and (4) testing the effect of Xan on root elongation. Using a variety of methods of applying ABA to the root, we found that ABA did not cause horizontally-oriented primary roots of dark-grown seedings to become positively gravitropic. Replacing half of the root cap of vertically oriented roots with an agar block containing ABA had little or no effect on curvature relative to that of controls in which the half cap was replaced by a plain agar block Replacement of the removed half cap with IAA either canceled or reversed the curvature displayed by controls. When light grown seedings were submerged in ABA they responded strongly to gravistimulation while those in IAA did not. Xan(up to 0.1mM)did not affect root elongation. The results indicate that ABA is not a likely mediator of root gravitropism and that the putative ABA precursor, Xan, lacks the appropriate growth-inhibition properties to serve as a mediator of root gravitropism.
Park, Sun-Young,Elbersen, Rick,Huskens, Jurriaan,Gardeniers, Han,Lee, Joo-Yul,Mul, Guido,Heo, Jinhee IOP 2017 Nanotechnology Vol.28 No.29
<P>Solar-to-hydrogen conversion by water splitting in photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) is a promising approach to alleviate problems associated with intermittency in solar energy supply and demand. Several interfacial resistances in photoelectrodes limit the performance of such cells, while the properties of interfaces are not easy to analyze <I>in situ</I>. We applied photoconductive-AFM to analyze the performance of WO<SUB>3</SUB>/p<SUP>+</SUP>n Si photoanodes, containing an ultra-thin metal interface of either Au or Pt. The Au interface consisted of Au nanoparticles with well-ordered interspacing, while Pt was present in the form of a continuous film. Photoconductive-AFM data show that upon illumination significantly larger currents are measured for the WO<SUB>3</SUB>/p<SUP>+</SUP>n Si anode equipped with the Au interface, as compared to the WO<SUB>3</SUB>/p<SUP>+</SUP>n Si anode with the Pt interface, in agreement with the better performance of the former electrode in a photoelectrochemical cell. The remarkable performance of the Au-containing electrode is proposed to be the result of favorable electron-hole recombination rates induced by the Au nanoparticles in a plasmon resonance excited state.</P>