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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Raymond Doug Partin (검색결과 2 건)
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A Comparative Analysis of VOLUNTEER Officers from the United States and the United Kingdom
Raymond Doug Partin,Mohammed AlQahtani,Back Sin-chul,Jo Sung-gu J-INSTITUTE 2019 Regulations Vol.4 No.2
The use of volunteer officers provides numerous benefits for law enforcement agencies, including the ability to increase trust between police and the community, to reduce the workload of a department, and to maintain or extend services without further depleting a budget. The United States and the United Kingdom both employ the use of volunteer officers. However, there has been little comparative work on these two areas of the policing system. This research first discusses the volunteer system of policing in both the United States and United King-dom, followed by findings on the confidence of officers from both areas as they relate to police duties. While Britain’s form of policing greatly influenced American policing, the two do not have the same policing system. There are a few major differences between these aspects of the policing system for both countries. First, the decentralized system in the United States does not have a standardized recruitment or training procedure. However, there are minimum requirements set forth by the individual state or federal agencies(e.g., the FBI, CIA, DEA, etc.). Within the United Kingdom, the centralized nature sets forth a standardized recruitment and training procedure that, for every department, is overseen by the government. Aside from the nature of the policing sys-tem, when compared to reserve deputies in Florida, special constables(who are similar in function and power to reserve deputies) receive much less training. Further, special constables echo this reality in their self-reporting, where far fewer special constables believed their training to be adequate in preparation for police duties com-pared to reserve deputies in Florida(3.2% vs. 37.5%). Additionally, special constables were less confident in their ability to conduct interviews and administrative tasks. Policy implications and limitations of the present study are also discussed.
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Mohammed AlQahtani,Raymond Doug Partin,Back Sin-chul,Jo Sung-gu J-INSTITUTE 2019 International Journal of Terrorism & National Secu Vol.4 No.2
This research investigates and shows how technology helped to facilitate and to connect three types of trans-national crimes. More specifically, cybercrimes, drug trafficking, and money laundering. Moreover, technology has helped to facilitate cybercrimes by basically giving birth to them; without the evolution of technology, we would not have had cybercrimes. When ICTs(Information and communication technology) showed up, people all over the world can now have access to the internet which can make some of them vulnerable to cybercriminals. Examples of cybercrimes can include hacking, Ransomware, Identity theft, phishing emails, Internet Crime Against Children(ICAC), industrial espionage, and fraud. As for drug trafficking, technology has helped to facilitate this type of cybercrime by basically giving dealers and consumers a safe atmosphere where they can make deals and payments from anywhere in the world without the need of physical appearance which makes them less exposed to getting arrested. Examples of electronic drug trading are the hidden market places in the darknet. As for money laundering, technology has provided money launderers the ability to establish online offshore companies and banks that have fewer restrictions on money laundering; this method helps criminals to wash their money in countries with no or few laws that prohibit and investigate unknown income sources. Furthermore, technology has provided online banking which gives people the ability to make online transactions; cybercrimi-nals can easily blend their illicit transactions with the illicit ones with less chance of getting noticed. Other than facilitating those crimes, technology has also helped to connect those three types of crimes. Cy-bercriminals help drug dealers with coding and providing cyberspace, both cybercriminals and drug traffickers launder their money to have legit unquestionable income. As for recommended policy implications, nations should keep updating their laws in order to properly prose-cute those types of crimes, more education for law enforcement agencies should by implied as well along with more awareness to the public to avoid victimization.
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