Design, Synthesis, In Silico Screening, and Antiproliferative Activity of Novel 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Dibenzosuberane Conjugates

Ravi Kant,Keshav Kumar Saini,Ravindra Kumar Upadhyay,Yogender Singh,Y. Veera Manohara Reddy,Shishu Pal Singh,M. Abdul Kareem,K. R. Dasegowda,H. Prabhavati,Rakesh Kumar,박종필,Lalita S. Kumar 한국생물공학회 2023 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.28 No.5

To explore novel and potent compounds with anticancer activity, two series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole tethered dibenzosuberane conjugates (5a-i and 5j-n) were synthesized using a linear and convergent approach. The synthesized novel compounds were screened for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against HepG2 cell lines using the MTT assay to explore their binding interactions with the 5EQG protein. IC50 values revealed that the most active combination against HepG2 cell lines was triazole tethered with an ortho chloro-substituted aryl ring (5g) (IC50: 99.64 μg/mL). The other compounds in the series exhibited comparable cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cell lines. The results were substantiated by molecular docking studies. The majority of the compounds demonstrated high binding affinity for the active site of the targeted protein. In addition, in silico drug-likeness prediction by the ADMET method has been explored with these compounds. All synthesized novel derivatives were characterized by mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy.

p16 Expression as a Surrogate Marker for HPV Infection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma can Predict Response to Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy

Kumar, Rajeev,Ghosh, Sankar Kumar,Verma, Akalesh Kumar,Talukdar, Anuradha,Deka, Monoj Kumar,Wagh, Mira,Bahar, H.M. Iqbal,Tapkire, Ritesh,Chakraborty, Kali Pankaj,Kannan, R. Ravi Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common cancer in the north east of India. The present study concerned the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the ESCC in north eastern India and its impact on response to chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: p16 expression, a surrogate marker for HPV infection was assessed in 101 pre-treatment biopsies of locally advanced ESCC, reported from a comprehensive cancer centre in north east India, using immunohistochemistry. All patients received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Response was assessed clinically and histopathologically with attention to p16 expression. Results: p16 was expressed in 22% of ESCC (22 out of 101) and was more prevalent in patients who were more than 45 years of age (P=0.048). p16 positive tumors appeared more commonly in the upper 2/3 of the thoracic esophagus (18 in 22). Nine of the 22 (41%) p16 positive tumors achieved pathologic complete response following neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.008). There was a trend towards reduced mortality in this group (P=0.048). Some 9 of the 20 (45%) patients who achieved pathologic complete response were p16 positive. Conclusions: Expression of p16 in ESCC correlates with higher rate of pathologic complete remission in patients undergoing neo adjuvant chemotherapy and could be a predictive marker for response assessment.

Influence of Blanching and Drying Air Temperature on Drying Kinetics of Banana Slices

Kumar Ravi,Pandey Om Prakash,Dhiman Sushil Kumar,Kumar Prashant 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.4

Purpose Drying of agro products, analternative approach to truncate the post harvesting losses which is about 40%in case of banana as reported in literatures, is conducted for banana slicesusing tray dryer. The objective was to investigate the effect of blanching and dryingtemperature on drying kinetics of banana slices for which a comparative studyof the drying kinetics of the bananaslices under blanching and without blanching conditions was conducted. Methods The samples were made circularin shape with average diameter of 30mm and 2mm thickness. Drying was done atair velocity of 3ms-1 maintained at three different temperatures of60oC, 70oC and 80oC. Blanching of banana sliceswas done in an aqueous solution of citricacid for 1 minute. Results Comprison of blanching andwithout blancing samples was done based on drying kinetics, color, energy analysis, andcost analysis to optimize the drying conditions and reduce the process cost.Two thin layer drying models werefitted to the experimental data using nonlinear regression analysis and theresults were evaluated using statistical parameter. The significant effects ofdrying temperature, drying time and blanching on moisture content of bananaslices were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Conclusions The blanchingtechnique was found as cost-effective dryingprocess as compared to the without blanching technique.

Expiration-Day Effects on Index Futures: Evidence from Indian Market

Ravi Kumar SAMINENI,Raja Babu PUPPALA,Ramesh MUTHANGI,Syamsundar KULAPATHI 한국유통과학회 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.11

Nifty Bank Index has started trading in futures and options (F&O) segment from 13th June 2005 in National Stock Exchange. The purpose of the study is to enhance the literature by examining expiration effect on the price volatility and price reversal of Underlying Index in India. Historical data used for the current study primarily comprise of daily close prices of Nifty Bank which is the only equity sectoral index in India which is traded in derivatives market and its Future contract value is derived from the underlying CNX Bank Index during the period 1st January 2010 till 31st March 2020. To check stationarity of the data, Augmented Dicky Fuller test was used. The study employed ARMA- EGARCH model for analysing the data. The empirical results revealed that there is no effect on the mean returns of underlying Index and EGARCH (1,1) model furthermore shows there is existence of leverage effect in the Bank Index i.e., negative shocks causes more fluctuations in the Index than positive news of similar magnitude. The outcome of the study specifies that there is no effect on volatility on the underlying sectoral index due to expiration days and also observed no price reversal effect once the expiration days are over.

Experimental investigation on thermal behavior, sound absorption, and flammability of natural fibre polymer composites

Ravi Kumar B.,Hariharan S.S. 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.76 No.5

Exhausting oil resources and increasing pollution around the world are forcing researchers to look for new, renewable, biodegradable materials to lead sustainable development. The use of fiber reinforced composites based on natural fibres has increasingly begun as prospective materials for various engineering applications in the automotive, rail, construction and aerospace industries. The natural fiber chosen to make the composite material is plant-based fibre, e.g. jute fibre, and hemp fibre. Thermosetting polymer based Epoxy (LY556) was utilized as matrix material and The composites were produced using hand lay-up technique. The fabricated composites were tested for acoustic testing, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and flammability testing to asses sound absorption, thermal decomposition and fire resistivity of the structures. Hemp fibre composites have shown improved thermal stability over Jute fibre composites. However, the fire resistance characteristics of jute fibre composites are better as compared to hemp fibre composites. The sound absorption coefficient of composites was found to enhance with the increase of frequency.

Investigation on mechanical vibration of double-walled carbon nanotubes with inter-tube Van der waals forces

Kumar, B. Ravi Techno-Press 2018 Advances in nano research Vol.6 No.2

This work represents the study of the vibration response of the double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) for various boundary conditions. The inner and outer carbon nanotubes are modeled as two individual Euler-Bernoulli's elastic beams interacting each other by Van der waals force. Differential transform method (DTM) is used as a numerical method to solve the governing differential equations and associated boundary conditions. The influence of Winkler elastic medium on vibration frequency is also examined and results are interpreted. MATLAB is used as a tool for solving the governing differential equations. The fundamental natural frequencies are validating with those available in literature and observed a good agreement between them.

Stable SiO2–TiO2 composite-based nanofluid of improved rheological behaviour for high-temperature oilfield applications

Ravi Shankar Kumar,Tushar Sharma 한국자원공학회 2020 Geosystem engineering Vol.23 No.1

Nanofluid synthesis in pure water is associated with premature settlement resulting in least dispersion stability. Therefore, in this study, polyacrylamide (PAM) is used as viscosity enhancer to improve dispersion stability of nanofluid stabilized by composites of silica and titania. Different techniques such as dynamic light scattering measurements, electrical conductivity, scanning electron microscopy, and rheological studies are used to support the analysis. The use of silica and titania nanoparticles together with PAM has additional advantage over particle agglomeration, and thus, the dispersion stability improved. Further, nanofluid stabilized by composites of silica and titania was tested for rheological measurements at 90°C to find nanotechnology applicability in high-temperature applications. The shear-thinning behaviour of nanofluids at high temperature (90°C) was least affected by shear deformation and reduced to 0.48 mPa.s at higher shear rate (4200 s−1), while shear thinning of PAM solution seriously varied with increasing shear deformation and takes the edge of 0.0005 mPa.s at higher shear rate (4200 s−1). In addition, the thermal stability of nanofluids was better due to slight decrease in viscosity with increasing temperature, which makes them suitable to be utilized at high-temperature applications in widespread industrial areas including oilfield where the temperature becomes a major factor

MAKING AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE IN INDIA FARMER-FRIENDLY AND CLIMATE RESILIENT

Kumar, K. Nirmal Ravi Korean Society of Food and Agricultural Informatio 2019 Agribusiness and Information Management Vol.11 No.1

Agricultural risks are exacerbated by a variety of factors ranging from climatevariability and change, frequent natural disasters, uncertainties in yields and prices, weakrural infrastructure, imperfect markets and lack of financial services including limited spanand design of risk mitigation instruments such as credit and insurance. Indian agriculture has little more than half (53%) of its area still rainfed and this makes it highly sensitive to vagaries of climate causing unstable output. Besides adverse climatic factors, there are man-made disasters such as fire, sale of spurious seeds, adulteration of pesticides and fertilizers etc., and all these severely affect farmers through loss in production and farm income, and are beyond the control of farmers. Hence, crop insurance' is considered to be the promising tool to insulate the farmers from risks faced by them and to sustain them in the agri-business. This paper critically evaluates the performance of recent crop insurance scheme viz., Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bhima Yojana (PMFBY) and its comparative performance with earlier agricultural insurance schemes implemented in the country. It is heartening that, the comparative performance of PMFBY with earlier schemes revealed that, the Government has definitely taken a leap forward in covering more number of farmers and bringing more area under crop insurance with the execution of this new scheme and on this front, it deserves the appreciation in fulfilling the objective for bringing more number of farmers under insurance cover. The use of mobile based technology, reduced number of Crop Cutting Experiments (CCEs) and smart CCEs, digitization of land record and linking them to farmers' account for faster assessment/settlement of claims are some of the steps that contributed for effective implementation of this new crop insurance scheme. However, inadequate claim payments, errors in loss/yield assessment, delayed claim payment, no direct linkage between insurance companies and farmers are the major shortcomings of this scheme. This calls for revamping the crop insurance program in India from time to time in tune with the dynamic changes in climatic factors on one hand and to provide a safety-net for farmers to mitigate losses arising from climatic shocks on the other. The future research avenues include: insuring the revenue of the farmer (Price × Yield) as in USA and more and more tenant farmers should be brought under insurance by doling out discounts for group coverage of farmers like in Philippines where 20 per cent discount in premium is given for a group of 5-10 farmers, 30 per cent for a group of 10-20 and 40 per cent for a group of >20 farmers.

Bridging Research and Extension Gaps of Paddy Yield in Andhra Pradesh, India

Kumar, K. Nirmal Ravi Korean Society of Food and Agricultural Informatio 2018 Agribusiness and Information Management Vol.10 No.1

Many paddy cultivating farmers in the country are forced to use their limited resources to produce adequate food for their family, leading to the degradation and reduction in potential of these resources. The yield levels of paddy at the farmers' level and in the Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) conducted in the farmers' fields is not at par with potential yield of the paddy variety. The gap between potential yield of crop variety and yield realized in FLDs refers to Research gap and the yield gap between FLDs and due to farmers' practice refers to Extension gap. The earlier studies conducted in India in general and in Andhra Pradesh in particular highlighted the existence of both research and extension gaps with reference to paddy. It is essential that, the narrowing of both research and extension gaps is not static, but dynamic considering the influence of technological interventions in boosting paddy yields at FLDs level and at farmers' level and also with the improvement of the yield potential of paddy varieties. This calls for integrated and holistic approaches to address these two gaps and with this background, the researcher aimed at this in depth study. The findings revealed that, research gaps are high with reference to weed management and pest management and extension gaps are high with reference to farm mechanization followed by fertilizer management. Reliable source of seed, capital use and frequency of meetings with Scientists or Agricultural Officers significantly influence the extension gaps in paddy. Farmers also prioritized socio-economic and technical constraints and the analysis infers that, it is high time now for the farmers to adopt the planned technological interventions on scientific scale to minimize the extension gaps to the extent possible. As the enabling environment in the State of Andhra Pradesh is highly encouraging for the farmers with relevant policy instruments in the form of subsidized inputs, free power, credit at concessional rates of interest, constructing irrigation projects etc., the adoption of the proposed technological interventions significantly contribute to minimizing both research and extension gaps in paddy cultivation in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh.

Efficient Utilisation of Credit by the Farmer - Borrowers in Chittoor District of Andhra Pradesh, India - Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

Kumar, K. Nirmal Ravi Korean Society of Food and Agricultural Informatio 2016 Agribusiness and Information Management Vol.8 No.2

The present study has aimed at analyzing the technical and scale efficiencies of credit utilization by the farmer-borrowers in Chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. DEA approach was followed to analyze the credit utilization efficiency and to analyze the factors influencing the credit utilization efficiency, log-linear regression analysis was attempted. DEA analysis revealed that, the number of farmers operating at CRS are more in number in marginal farms (40%) followed by other (35%) and small (17.5%) farms. Regarding the number of farmers operating at VRS, small farmers dominate the scenario with 72.5 per cent followed by other (67.5%) and marginal (42.5%) farmers. With reference to scale efficiency, marginal farmers are in majority (52.5%) followed by other (47.5%) and small (25%) farmers. At the pooled level, 26.7 per cent of the farmers are being operated at CRS, 63 per cent at VRS and 32.5 per cent of the farmers are either performed at the optimum scale or were close to the optimum scale (farms having scale efficiency values equal to or more than 0.90). Nearly 58, 15 and 28 percents of the farmers in the marginal farms category were found operating in the region of increasing, decreasing and constant returns respectively. Compared to marginal farmers category, there are less number of farmers operating at CRS both in small farmers category (15%) and other farmers category (22.5%). At the pooled level, only 5 per cent of the farmers are operating at DRS, majority of the farmers (73%) are operating at IRS and only 22 per cent of the farmers are operating at CRS indicating efficient utilization of credit. The log-linear regression model fitted to analyze the major determinants of credit utilization (technical) efficiency of farmer-borrowers revealed that, the three variables viz., cost of cultivation and family expenditure (both negatively influencing at 1% significant level) and family income (positively influencing at 1% significant level) are the major determinants of credit utilization efficiency across all the selected farmers categories and at pooled level. The analysis further indicate that, escalation in the cost of cultivation of crop enterprises in the region, rise in family expenditure and prior indebtedness of the farmers are showing adverse influence on the credit utilization efficiency of the farmer-borrowers.