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Analytical Models to Predict Power Harvesting with Piezoelectric Transducer
Raghava Raju Muppala,K. Padma Raju,Nam Mee Moon,Baek Ho Jung 한국전자파학회JEES 2008 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.8 No.1
Advances in low power design open the possibility to harvest energy from the environment to power electronic circuits. Electrical energy can be harvested from piezoelectric transducer. Piezoelectric materials can be used as mechanisms to transfer mechanical energy usually vibrating system into electrical energy that can be stored and used to power other devices. Micro- to milli-watts power can be generated from vibrating system. We developed definitive and analytical models to predict the power generated from a cantilever beam attached with piezoelectric transducer. Analytical models are pin-force method, enhanced pin-force method and Euler-Bernoulli method. Harmonic oscillations and random noise will be the two different forcing functions used to drive each system. It has been selected the best model for generating electric power based upon the analytical results obtained.
Sirangi, Subash,Jogam, Phanikanth,Nemali, Gandhi,Ajmeera, Ragan,Abbagani, Sadanandam,Raju, Vatsavaya S. The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2020 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.47 No.4
The genetic diversity of two subpopulations of Corynandra chelidonii, one of terrestrial and the other of aquatic environments, was measured with molecular markers, such as start codon targeted (SCoT), inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR), and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The traditional morphological traits such as habitat, habit, leaf morphology, the colour of the sepals and petals, number of stamens, and seed morphology formed the base for their realization as two varieties, C. chelidonii var. pallae and C. chelidonii var. chelidonii. The polymorphism between the two variants was 100% with the primers SCoT-2 and OPA-1 and 4, while maximum polymorphism was detected with ISSR-2, SCoT-3, and OPA-3. The study used, for the first time, more than one molecular marker to assess the genetic variation underscoring the morphological variation in Corynandra chelidonii (L.f.) Cochrane & Iltis. The study justifies the recognition of the two subpopulations of Corynandra chelidonii from aquatic and terrestrial environments as two distinct varieties, C. chelidonii var. pallae (Reddy & Raju) V.S.Raju and C. chelidonii var. chelidonii, respectively, based on the traditional taxonomic evidence.
Mobile Guidance System for Evacuation based on Wi-Fi System and Node Architecture
Raju, Timalsina,Kim, Woo Sung Korea Data Strategy Society 2019 Journal of information technology applications & m Vol.26 No.5
Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~90% of their time indoor environment like office, supermarket, campus. Therefore Indoor navigation and guidelines system became so essential for most of all. Incase of emergency we must be careful earlier, in such a cases 5G kind of new technology may also cannot work. So immediate action and quick routing notification for guidelines and protection is the most. Considering this issue We proposed indoor evacuating guidance system based on microcontroller Wi-Fi board for Indoor APP using mobile. Focusing various kind of technology like, ok google, voice search APP we purposed node architecture based system. When we listen fire alarm while living inside the room. Then to be safe we connect with server and start Arduino UNO+IoT ESP8266 Wi-Fi shield version1-IoT module to store data in MySQL DB server. We make application to escape out from the building up-to the three exits giving information from source point to destination. Our program can send information to the users emergency location and situations. For this when the user get sound or vibration in their mobile device it indicate fire out near by. At that time we update message from Arduino to DB server for the fixed current position inside the building which give routing signal for that fire out location by changing values from 0 to 1. We have user in point 10 where user is near by. Later we detect Wi-Fi signal form Nodemcu as room of each floor and try to connect with user. Main purpose of this paper is to save life of people in short time and find out the shortest path up to nearest exits in the time of emergencies and rescue them.
Raju, G. Seeta Rama,Pavitra, E.,Bharat, L. Krishna,Rao, Gattupalli Manikya,Jeon, Tae-Joon,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu Elsevier 2018 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.44 No.12
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Upconversion Sr<SUB>2</SUB>(Gd<SUB>.98-<I>x</I> </SUB>Er<SUB>.02</SUB>Yb<SUB> <I>x</I> </SUB>)<SUB>8</SUB>Si<SUB>6</SUB>O<SUB>26</SUB> (SGSO:2Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/<I>x</I>Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>) phosphor materials were synthesized using a citrate sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed their hexagonal structure. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of SGSO:2Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/<I>x</I>Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphors depicted submicron particles. The enhanced upconversion luminescence properties of SGSO:2Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/<I>x</I>Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphors were analysed as a function of Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion concentration and laser power. The energy transfer induced enhanced emission of the Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/ Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ions co-doped SGSO phosphors was ascribed to multi-phonon relaxation. The calculated chromaticity coordinates of the SGSO:2Er<SUP>3+</SUP>/<I>x</I>Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> phosphors showed emissions could be tuned by changing Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> ion concentration. Optimized sample exhibited the chromaticity coordinate values near to the ultra-high definition television standard green emission coordinates.</P>
Raju, Kati,Kim, Seyoung,Hyung, Choi Jae,Yu, Ji Haeng,Seong, Young-Hoon,Kim, Soo-Hyun,Han, In-Sub Elsevier 2019 CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL Vol.45 No.1
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this paper, we report on the selection of an optimal sintering temperature for Ce<SUB>0.9</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.1</SUB>O<SUB>2−δ</SUB>–La<SUB>0.6</SUB>Sr<SUB>0.4</SUB>Co<SUB>0.2</SUB>Fe<SUB>0.8</SUB>O<SUB>3–δ</SUB> composites through characterization of their microstructural, mechanical, and elastic properties. For this selection, sintering was performed mainly at three different temperatures—1100, 1250, and 1400 °C—for 3 h. The samples were systematically investigated in terms of their relative density, microstructure, flexural strength, hardness, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio. An increase in density with an increase in sintering temperature was observed to cause a significant improvement in the flexural strength, hardness, and elastic modulus. However, an excessively high temperature (>1250 °C) was detrimental to the flexural strength and hardness because of the occurrence of grain growth. The optimal sintering temperature was identified to be 1250 °C from an analysis of samples with superior mechanical properties and adequate elastic properties. The optimal flexural strength and hardness were found to be 211 ± 21 MPa and 9.34 ± 0.5 GPa, respectively, at room temperature.</P>
Raju, G. S.,Pavitra, E.,Hussain, S. K.,Balaji, D.,Yu, J. Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Journal of Materials Chemistry C Vol.4 No.5
<P>A series of Eu3+ ions activated (BaLa6)-La-4(SiO4)(6)O (BLSO:Eu3+) phosphors were synthesized by a modified citrate sol-gel process. The structural properties of these phosphors were explored by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The XRD patterns confirmed their oxyapatite structure with the space group of P6(3)/m after annealing at 1400 degrees C. The scanning electron microscope image exhibited the irregular morphology of BLSO: Eu3+ particles and the elemental mapping confirmed that the Eu3+ ions were distributed homogeneously on the La3+ ion sites. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation spectra of BLSO: Eu3+ exhibited the charge transfer band (CTB) and intense f-f transitions of Eu3+ ions in the violet and blue wavelength regions. The CTB intensity decreased and the f-f transition of Eu3+ ions increased with increasing the Eu3+ ion concentration due to the presence of defects in the 4f and 6h sites of the BLSO host lattice. This feature facilitates the strong absorption in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) region, which is useful for high color rendering index NUV based white light-emitting diodes for display and lighting applications. The PL spectra displayed intense red emission (D-5(0) -> F-7(2)) along with considerable orange emission (D-5(0) -> F-7(1)) with good asymmetry ratios and chromaticity coordinates, and exhibited better emission performance than that of commercial Y2O3:Eu3+ phosphors. The three-dimensional PL spectra revealed their strong emission characteristics under UV, NUV and visible excitation wavelengths. The cathodoluminescence properties were also similar to the PL results, confirming that the BLSO: Eu3+ phosphors emit stable red emission under different excitation sources as compared to the commercial Y2O3: Eu3+ phosphors.</P>
Raju Badipati,Lakshmi Durga Kasinikota,Kushal Gunturu,Syed Mazhar Galib Ali 소화기인터벤션의학회 2024 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.13 No.1
Seat belt-related injuries are frequent and are often associated with a specific injury pattern known as “seat belt syndrome.” The presence of the seat belt sign can facilitate the early identification of seat belt injuries, which can help prevent the delayed or missed diagnosis of certain intestinal injuries, such as obstructions. We report the case of a 39-year-old man who sustained a bone fracture and a seat belt injury that led to an intestinal stricture. This condition manifested as delayed acute small bowel obstruction, necessitating laparoscopic intestinal resection and side-to-side anastomosis with a linear stapler. In polytrauma patients with seat belt syndrome, abdominal pain may be overshadowed by the pain from extra-abdominal injuries. Nevertheless, this pain should not be overlooked and must be thoroughly evaluated during regular follow-up visits to prevent complications.
Raju Prasad Mahto,Sharath Anishetty,Arnab Sarkar,Omkar Mypati,Surjya Kanta Pal,Jyotsna Dutta Majumdar 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.3
The use of aluminum in conjunction of steel can reduce the weight of structures but dissimilar materials welded structureresults in the formation of intermetallic compounds and inhomogeneous distribution of grains. Since aluminum is moreactive than the steel, the structures made from such dissimilar materials can be affected from corrosion medium which needsto be investigated. In the present work, friction stir welding has been used to join AA6061-T6 and AISI304 in lap configuration,each having a thickness of 1 mm under varied process parameters. The detailed investigations have been made whichincludes understanding the effect of process variables on microstructures, intermetallic compounds and their phases, andthereby on corrosion of the aluminum-steel welded joint. SEM with integrated EBSD detector and XRD analyses have beencarried out to characterize the weld interface that revealed the evolution of grain boundaries and existence of phases suchas Fe2Al5and AlCrFe2. The grain size of the weld zone has been found to be decreasing with increase in weld speed andplunge depth. The temperature profiles have shown a faster rate of heating and cooling with increase in welding speed andplunge depth which led to the refinement of microstructure. The evolution precipitates mainly comprised of Al, Mg and Sias the major elements. The corrosion rate was found to be increasing with decrease in grain size. Samples were corroded bypitting corrosion, inter-granular corrosion, and environmental corrosion. Severity of pits have been found to be non-uniformin the along weld cross-section.