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Sustainable self compacting acid and sulphate resistance RAC by two stage mixing approaches
Rajhans, Puja,Kisku, Nishikant,Nayak, Sanket,Panda, Sarat Kumar Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.1
In this research article, acid resistance, sulphate resistance and sorptivity of self compacted concrete (SCC) prepared from C&D waste have been discussed. To improve the above properties of self compacted recycled aggregate concrete (SCRAC) along with mechanical and durability properties, different two stage mixing approaches (TSMA and TSMAsfc) were followed. In the proposed two stage mixing approach (TSMAsfc), silica fume, a proportional amount of cement and a proportional amount of water were mixed in premix stage which fills the pores and cracks of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The concrete specimen prepared using above mixing approaches were immersed in 1% concentration of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) solution for 28, 90 and 180 days for evaluating the acid resistance of SCRAC. Experimental results concluded that the proposed two stage mixing approach (TSMAsfc) is most suitable for acid resistance and sulphate resistance in terms of weight loss and strength loss due to the elimination of pores and cracks in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). In modified two stage mixing approach, the pores and cracks of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) were filled up and make ITZs of SCRAC stronger. Microstructure analysis was carried out to justify the reason of improvement of ITZs by electron probe micro analyser (EPMA) analysis. X-ray mapping was also done to know the presence of strength contributing elements presents in the concrete sample. It was established that SCRAC with modified mixing approach have shown improved results in terms of acid resistance, sulphate resistance, sorptivity and mechanical properties.
Application of Quasi Infinite Horizon Nonlinear Model Predictive Control to Unstable Tank Reactor
Sowmya Gupta,Chinmay Rajhans 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2023 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.21 No.6
Ensuring asymptotic stability of nominal nonlinear model predictive control scheme is not a trivial task. Various approaches like terminal equality constraint, terminal inequality constraint and without terminal inequality constraint are available in the literature. Current paper details application of two novel approaches for the terminal set computation of discrete time quasi infinite horizon nonlinear model predictive control formulations around open loop unstable equilibrium condition. Case study used for demonstration is a standard continuous stirrer tank reactor system. Fundings are displayed without any noise case i.e., nominal case and for with input noise and state noise i.e., robust case. Studies validate and verify the asymptotic stability result. State trajectories for with noise case i.e., robust cases remained close to the trajectories in without noise case i.e., nominal case as per expectation (because of the bounded disturbances).