http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Rafidah Mahmud,Farnaza Ariffin,Punithavathy Shanmuganathan 대한가정의학회 2020 Korean Journal of Family Medicine Vol.41 No.4
The presence of erythrocytosis along with the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may veer a primary care clinician in a busy clinic towards attributing the erythrocytosis to hypoxia secondary to COPD; however, this is not always the case. This case highlights the importance of investigation and the significance not excluding a primary cause in COPD patients with erythrocytosis. A 57-year-old male, presenting with chronic cough, was subsequently diagnosed with COPD clinically and confirmed by spirometry. Erythrocytosis was also incidentally noted. The patient did not have any symptoms of polycythemia or hepatosplenomegaly. Therefore, the erythrocytosis was initially thought to be caused by hypoxia secondary to COPD. However, the JAK2 V617F gene mutation was detected and hence the diagnosis of polycythemia vera was made. Although the erythrocytosis was initially attributed secondary to the underlying pulmonary disease, investigations proved it to be primary in origin. This case report highlights the importance of investigating the underlying cause and to confirm the diagnosis of erythrocytosis as primary and secondary polycythemia differ in their management approach. This will avoid inappropriate diagnosis, treatment, and undesirable outcomes.
A Generic Quantitative Relationship to Assess Interdependency of QoE and QoS
( Sajad Khorsandroo ),( Rafidah Md Noor ),( Sayid Khorsandroo ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2013 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.7 No.2
Researchers as well as network providers are increasingly interested in understanding how a network user`s experience changes in relation to different quality of service (QoS) parameters, with many attempts being made to identify the general relationship between quality of experience (QoE) and QoS. Several relations in different function forms have been proposed. There are instances when this variety of proposed functions potentially results in one problem having completely dissimilar solutions at the same time. The question then is which function form is the one that can better explain this relationship. In this paper, three major existing quantitative relationships between QoE and QoS are investigated. After conducting a comprehensive comparative analysis between them, a new definition of QoE-QoS dependency appears. It then results in identifying a new mutual relationship between QoE and QoS. The newly proposed relationship improves the deficiency of previous QoE-QoS relationships along with solving the problem of diversity of simultaneous solutions for one problem.
( Ehsan Mostajeran ),( Rafidah Md Noor ),( Mohammad Hossein Anisi ),( Ismail Ahmedy ),( Fawad Ali Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2017 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.11 No.10
Wireless signal transmission is influenced by environmental effects. These effects have also been challenging for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) in real-time communication. More specifically, in an urban environment, with high mobility among vehicles, a vehicle’s status from the transmitter can instantly trigger from line of sight to non-line of sight, which may cause loss of real-time communication. In order to overcome this, a deterministic signal propagation model is required, which has less complexity and more feasibility of implementation. Hence, we propose a realistic path loss model which adopts ray tracing technique for VANET in a grid urban environment with less computational complexity. To evaluate the model, it is applied to a vehicular simulation scenario. The results obtained are compared with different path loss models in the same scenario based on path loss value and application layer performance analysis. The proposed path loss model provides higher loss value in dB compared to other models. Nevertheless, the performance of vehicle-vehicle communication, which is evaluated by the packet delivery ratio with different vehicle transmitter density verifies improvement in real-time vehicle-vehicle communication. In conclusion, we present a realistic path loss model that improves vehicle-vehicle wireless real-time communication in the grid urban environment.
Mia Kusmiati,Rafidah Bahari,Suhaila Sanip,Noor Aini Abdul Hamid,Ova Emilia 한국의학교육학회 2020 Korean journal of medical education Vol.32 No.1
Purpose: This study was designed to develop an evaluation tool for assessing professional behavior and clinical competencies from the graduates’ perspective. Methods: This study employed mixed method in a sequential exploratory design. The semi-structured interviews were conducted with three graduates from different cohorts. The qualitative analysis of the interviews found six emerging themes for professional behavior and clinical competencies development. These themes were then developed into a 55-item questionnaire. The questionnaire was then distributed to 84 medical graduates for exploratory factor analysis (EFA) from February to April 2019. The quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, USA) for principal axis factoring. After conducting EFA, we proceeded with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with another 120 graduates to validate the tool. Results: Eighty-four graduates completed the questionnaire for EFA. Upon completion of EFA, 35 out of 55 items of the questionnaire were found to be valid and reliable. The most appropriate fit was seven factors, which explained 58.18% of variance between them after 15 iterations with Cronbach’s α of 0.916. The personal satisfaction factor was noted to be weak. It was therefore added to patient management factor due to its similar intention. The final EFA factor after the modification was six. The CFA found that 34 out of 35 items was valid and reliable that representation of the latent variables. Conclusion: The questionnaire has achieved the desired construct validity score and can be used as an evaluation tool to assess professional behavior and clinical competencies from the graduates’ perspective.
Hamzah A Wali,Rafidah Mazlan 대한청각학회 2018 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.22 No.1
Background and Objectives: Although ethnicity effect on wideband absorbance (WBA) findingswas evident for adults, its effect on neonates has not been established yet. This studyaimed to investigate the influence of ethnicity on WBA measured at 0 daPa from neonateswith healthy middle ear functions. Subjects and Methods: Participants were 99 normal,healthy, full-term newborn babies with chronological age between 11 and 128 hours of age(mean=46.73, standard deviation=26.36). A cross-sectional study design was used to measureWBA at 16 one-third octave frequency points from 99 neonates comprising of threeethnic groups: Malays (n=58), Chinese (n=13) and Indians (n=28). A total of 165 ears (83.3%)that passed a battery of tests involving distortion product otoacoustic emissions, 1 kHztympanometry and acoustic stapedial reflex were further tested using WBA. Moreover, bodysize measurements were recorded from each participant. Results: The Malays and Indiansneonates showed almost identical WBA response across the frequency range while the Chinesebabies showed lower absorbance values between 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz. However, thedifferences observed in WBA between the three ethnic groups were not statistically significant(p=0.23). Additionally, there were no statistically significant difference in birth weight,height and head circumference among the three ethnic groups. Conclusions: This studyshowed that Malays, Chinese and Indians neonates were not significantly different in their WBAresponses. In conclusion, to apply for the ethnic-specific norms is not warranted when testingneonates from population constitute of these three ethnicities.
Azad Athahiri Anuar,Rafidah Aga Mohd Jaladin 한국상담학회 2016 Journal of Asia Pacific counseling Vol.6 No.1
The aims of this study were to develop and evaluate a multicultural counseling competencies (MCC) training module for trainee counselors in Malaysia. The module encompassed five sub-modules and 11 activities developed along the concepts and components of the MCC matrix model developed by Sue, Arredondo, and McDavis (1992). The design method used in this study involved an experimental design approach involving pre-test and post-test. The instruments used to determine the MCC of trainee counselors was the Multicultural Awareness, Knowledge, and Skills Surveysign approach involving pre-test and post-test.Asay, and D and ). (2003). The study sample comprised 60 trainee counselors from three local universities. Independent t-tests were conducted to identify the differences in MCC of trainee counselor awareness, knowledge, and skills between the treatment and control groups. In the pre-test, the trainee counselors in the treatment and control group had similar levels of MCC, while the post-test showed an increase in MCC levels of trainee counselors in the treatment group. These findings proved that the MCC training module had an impact on MCC. Implications of these findings are discussed.
( Muhammad Ahsan Qureshi ),( Ehsan Mostajeran ),( Rafidah Md Noor ),( Azra Shamim ),( Chih-heng Ke ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.9
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) utilize radio propagation models (RPMs) to predict path loss in vehicular environment. Modern urban vehicular environment contains road infrastructure units that include road tunnels, straight roads, curved roads flyovers and underpasses. Different RPMs were proposed in the past to predict path loss, but modern road infrastructure units especially flyovers and underpasses are neglected previously. Most of the existing RPMs are computationally complex and ignore some of the critical features such as impact of infrastructure units on the signal propagation and the effect of both static and moving radio obstacles on signal attenuation. Therefore, the existing RPMs are incapable of predicting path loss in flyovers and underpass accurately. This paper proposes an RPM to predict path loss for vehicular communication on flyovers and inside underpasses that considers both the static and moving radio obstacles while requiring only marginal overhead. The proposed RPM is validated based upon the field measurements in 5 GHz frequency band. A close agreement is found between the measured and predicted values of path loss.