Triclosan Resistance in a Bacterial Fish Pathogen, Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is Mediated by an Enoyl Reductase, FabV

( Raees Khan ),( Myung Hwan Lee ),( Hae Jin Joo ),( Yong Hoon Jung ),( Shabir Ahmad ),( Jin Hee Choi ),( Seon Woo Lee ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2015 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.25 No.4

Triclosan, the widely used biocide, specifically targets enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis system. Although the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida exhibits triclosan resistance, the nature of this resistance has not been elucidated. Here, we aimed to characterize the triclosan resistance of A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causing furunculosis. The fosmid library of triclosan-resistant A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was constructed to select a fosmid clone showing triclosan resistance. With the fosmid clone showing triclosan resistance, a subsequent secondary library search resulted in the selection of subclone pTSR-1. DNA sequence analysis of pTSR-1 revealed the presence of a chromosomal-borne fabV-encoding ENR homolog. The ENR of A. salmonicida (FabVas) exhibited significant homology with previously known FabV, including the catalytic domain YX(8)K. fabVas introduction into E. coli dramatically increased its resistance to triclosan. Heterologous expression of FabVas might functionally replace the triclosan-sensitive FabI in vivo to confer E. coli with triclosan resistance. A genome-wide search for fabVas homologs revealed the presence of an additional fabV gene (fabVas2) paralog in A. salmonicida strains and the fabVas orthologs from other gram-negative fish pathogens. Both of the potential FabV ENRs expressed similarly with or without triclosan supplement. This is the first report about the presence of two potential FabV ENRs in a single pathogenic bacterium. Our result suggests that triclosan-resistant ENRs are widely distributed in various bacteria in nature, and the wide use of this biocide can spread these triclosan-tolerant ENRs among fish pathogens and other pathogenic bacteria.

Authorization Estimation Model : An Object Oriented Design Complexity Perspective

Suhel Ahmad Khan,Raees Ahmad Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.5

Dissection of plant microbiota and plant-microbiome interactions

최기혁,Khan Raees,이선우 한국미생물학회 2021 The journal of microbiology Vol.59 No.3

Plants rooted in soil have intimate associations with a diverse array of soil microorganisms. While the microbial diversity of soil is enormous, the predominant bacterial phyla associated with plants include Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia. Plants supply nutrient niches for microbes, and microbes support plant functions such as plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. The interdependent interaction between the host plant and its microbes sculpts the plant microbiota. Plant and microbiome interactions are a good model system for understanding the traits in eukaryotic organisms from a holobiont perspective. The holobiont concept of plants, as a consequence of co-evolution of plant host and microbiota, treats plants as a discrete ecological unit assembled with their microbiota. Dissection of plant-microbiome interactions is highly complicated; however, some reductionist approaches are useful, such as the synthetic community method in a gnotobiotic system. Deciphering the interactions between plant and microbiome by this reductionist approach could lead to better elucidation of the functions of microbiota in plants. In addition, analysis of microbial communities’ interactions would further enhance our understanding of coordinated plant microbiota functions. Ultimately, better understanding of plantmicrobiome interactions could be translated to improvements in plant productivity.

Culturing Simpler and Bacterial Wilt Suppressive Microbial Communities from Tomato Rhizosphere

Roy, Nazish,Choi, Kihyuck,Khan, Raees,Lee, Seon-Woo The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Plant phenotype is affected by a community of associated microorganisms which requires dissection of the functional fraction. In this study, we aimed to culture the functionally active fraction of an upland soil microbiome, which can suppress tomato bacterial wilt. The microbiome fraction (MF) from the rhizosphere of Hawaii 7996 treated with an upland soil or forest soil MF was successively cultured in a designed modified M9 (MM9) medium partially mimicking the nutrient composition of tomato root exudates. Bacterial cells were harvested to amplify V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene for QIIME based sequence analysis and were also treated to Hawaii 7996 prior to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. The disease progress indicated that the upland MM9 $1^{st}$ transfer suppressed the bacterial wilt. Community analysis revealed that species richness was declined by successive cultivation of the MF. The upland MM9 $1^{st}$ transfer harbored population of phylum Proteobacteria (98.12%), Bacteriodetes (0.69%), Firmicutes (0.51%), Actinobacteria (0.08%), unidentified (0.54%), Cyanobacteria (0.01%), FBP (0.001%), OD1 (0.001%), Acidobacteria (0.005%). The family Enterobacteriaceae of Proteobacteria was the dominant member (86.76%) of the total population of which genus Enterobacter composed 86.76% making it a potential candidate to suppress bacterial wilt. The results suggest that this mixed culture approach is feasible to harvest microorganisms which may function as biocontrol agents.

Culturing Simpler and Bacterial Wilt Suppressive Microbial Communities from Tomato Rhizosphere

Nazish Roy,Kihyuck Choi,Raees Khan,Seon-Woo Lee 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.4

Plant phenotype is affected by a community of associated microorganisms which requires dissection of the functional fraction. In this study, we aimed to culture the functionally active fraction of an upland soil microbiome, which can suppress tomato bacterial wilt. The microbiome fraction (MF) from the rhizosphere of Hawaii 7996 treated with an upland soil or forest soil MF was successively cultured in a designed modified M9 (MM9) medium partially mimicking the nutrient composition of tomato root exudates. Bacterial cells were harvested to amplify V3 and V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene for QIIME based sequence analysis and were also treated to Hawaii 7996 prior to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation. The disease progress indicated that the upland MM9 1st transfer suppressed the bacterial wilt. Community analysis revealed that species richness was declined by successive cultivation of the MF. The upland MM9 1st transfer harbored population of phylum Proteobacteria (98.12%), Bacteriodetes (0.69%), Firmicutes (0.51%), Actinobacteria (0.08%), unidentified (0.54%), Cyanobacteria (0.01%), FBP (0.001%), OD1 (0.001%), Acidobacteria (0.005%). The family Enterobacteriaceae of Proteobacteria was the dominant member (86.76%) of the total population of which genus Enterobacter composed 86.76% making it a potential candidate to suppress bacterial wilt. The results suggest that this mixed culture approach is feasible to harvest microorganisms which may function as biocontrol agents.

Revisiting Software Security: Durability Perspective

Rajeev Kumar,Suhel Ahmad Khan,Raees Ahmad Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.2

Security is a peak significant quality element in the pitch of software engineering. Software security improvement is easily done with the support of factors, models and metrics of security. Software security should be analyzed with the help of its security factors. Security dimension is the main attribute in evaluation, executing, and calculating security in the way to organize and develop quality of software. It is to be identified that qualifications of security factors increased through inspecting damages, discriminating susceptibility and attacks in design development process. This review is discussing the description and categorization of accessible security properties. Durability is an attribute of security that refers to the capability of software to conclude of a creation on time. Software security is affected with security attributes as well as durability. A stable state of the secure software enhances additional security.

Nizwaside: a new anticancer pregnane glycoside from the sap of Desmidorchis flava

Hidayat Hussain,Ahmed Al-Harrasi,Muhammad Adil Raees,Najeeb Ur Rehman,Ahmed Al-Rawahi,Rene´ Csuk,Husain Yar Khan,Ghulam Abbas,Mohammed Abdullah Al-Broumi,Ivan R. Green,Ali Elyassi,Talat Mahmood 대한약학회 2015 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.38 No.12

The sap from the succulent Desmidorchis flava (N.E.Br) Meve and Liede yielded a new pregnane glycoside, named nizwaside whose structure was established using 1D and 2D NMR techniques as well as mass spectrometry (ESIMS). Nizwaside was tested for anticancer, DPPH antioxidant, urease enzyme inhibition, a-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Interestingly, nizwaside showed significant anti-proliferative effects on MDA MB231 breast cancer cells with an IC50 of 23.5 lg/ml. Moreover, nizwaside was more effective than Doxorubicin, a wellknown clinical anticancer drug, in suppressing MDA MB231 cell proliferation even at concentrations lower than that of Doxorubicin (75 lg/ml nizwaside vs. 100 lg/ml Doxorubicin). On the other hand, nizwaside showed relatively weak antioxidant activity with 15 % inhibition.

Identification of a Gene Involved in the Negative Regulation of Pyomelanin Production in Ralstonia solanacearum

( Shabir Ahmad ),( Seung Yeup Lee ),( Raees Khan ),( Hyun Gi Kong ),( Geun Ju Son ),( Nazish Roy ),( Kihyuck Choi ),( Seon-woo Lee ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.9

Ralstonia solanacearum causes bacterial wilt in a wide variety of host plant species and produces a melanin-like blackish-brown pigment in stationary phase when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. To study melanin production regulation in R. solanacearum, five mutants exhibiting overproduction of melanin-like pigments were selected from a transposon (Tn) insertion mutant library of R. solanacearum SL341. Most of the mutants, except one (SL341T), were not complemented by the original gene or overproduced melanins. SL341T showed Tn insertion in a gene containing a conserved domain of eukaryotic transcription factor. The gene was annotated as a hypothetical protein, given its weak similarity to any known proteins. Upon complementation with its original gene, the mutant strains reverted to their wild-type phenotype. SL341T produced 3-folds more melanin at 72 h post-incubation compared with wild-type SL341 when grown in minimal medium supplemented with tyrosine. The chemical analysis of SL341T cultural filtrate revealed the accumulation of a higher amount of homogentisate, a major precursor of pyomelanin, and a lower amount of dihydroxyphenylalanine, an intermediate of eumelanin, compared with SL341. The expression study showed a relatively higher expression of hppD (encoding hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase) and lower expression of hmgA (encoding homogentisate dioxygenase) and nagL (encoding maleylacetoacetate isomerase) in SL341T than in SL341. SL341 showed a significantly higher expression of tyrosinase gene compared with SL341T at 48 h post-incubation. These results indicated that R. solanacearum produced both pyomelanin and eumelanin, and the novel hypothetical protein is involved in the negative regulation of melanin production.

Diverse soil microbiota differentially influence bacterial wilt occurrence in tomato

Pyeong An Lee,Kihyuck Choi,Jinhee Choi,Nazish Roy,Raees Khan,Seon-Woo Lee 한국농약과학회 2018 한국농약과학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

A Multi-Perspective Benchmarking Framework for Estimating Usable-Security of Hospital Management System Software Based on Fuzzy Logic, ANP and TOPSIS Methods

( Rajeev Kumar ),( Md Tarique Jamal Ansari ),( Abdullah Baz ),( Hosam Alhakami ),( Alka Agrawal ),( Raees Ahmad Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.1

One of the biggest challenges that the software industry is facing today is to create highly efficient applications without affecting the quality of healthcare system software. The demand for the provision of software with high quality protection has seen a rapid increase in the software business market. Moreover, it is worthless to offer extremely user-friendly software applications with no ideal security. Therefore a need to find optimal solutions and bridge the difference between accessibility and protection by offering accessible software services for defense has become an imminent prerequisite. Several research endeavours on usable security assessments have been performed to fill the gap between functionality and security. In this context, several Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approaches have been implemented on different usability and security attributes so as to assess the usable-security of software systems. However, only a few specific studies are based on using the integrated approach of fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique for assessing the significant usable-security of hospital management software. Therefore, in this research study, the authors have employed an integrated methodology of fuzzy logic, ANP and TOPSIS to estimate the usable - security of Hospital Management System Software. For the intended objective, the study has taken into account 5 usable-security factors at first tier and 16 sub-factors at second tier with 6 hospital management system softwares as alternative solutions. To measure the weights of parameters and their relation with each other, Fuzzy ANP is implemented. Thereafter, Fuzzy TOPSIS methodology was employed and the rating of alternatives was calculated on the foundation of the proximity to the positive ideal solution.