IAA-Producing Penicillium sp NICS01 Triggers Plant Growth and Suppresses Fusarium sp-Induced Oxidative Stress in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L)

( Radhakrishnan ),( Ramalingam ),( Kang Bo Shim ),( Byeong Won Lee ),( Chung Dong Hwang ),( Suk Bok Pae ),( Chang Hwan Park ),( Sung Up Kim ),( Choon Ki Lee ),( In Youl Baek ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.6

Application of rhizospheric fungi is an effective and environmentally friendly method of improving plant growth and controlling many plant diseases. The current study was aimed to identify phytohormone-producing fungi from soil, to understand their roles in sesame plant growth, and to control Fusarium disease. Three predominant fungi (PNF1, PNF2, and PNF3) isolated from the rhizospheric soil of peanut plants were screened for their growth-promoting efficiency on sesame seedlings. Among these isolates, PNF2 significantly increased the shoot length and fresh weight of seedlings compared with controls. Analysis of the fungal culture filtrate showed a higher concentration of indole acetic acid in PNF2 than in the other isolates. PNF2 was identified as Penicillium sp. on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence similarity. The in vitro biocontrol activity of Penicillium sp. against Fusarium sp. was exhibited by a 49% inhibition of mycelial growth in a dual culture bioassay and by hyphal injuries as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, greenhouse experiments revealed that Fusarium inhibited growth in sesame plants by damaging lipid membranes and reducing protein content. Co-cultivation with Penicillium sp. mitigated Fusarium-induced oxidative stress in sesame plants by limiting membrane lipid peroxidation, and by increasing the protein concentration, levels of antioxidants such as total polyphenols, and peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase activities. Thus, our findings suggest that Penicillium sp. is a potent plant growthpromoting fungus that has the ability to ameliorate damage caused by Fusarium infection in sesame cultivation.

Optimization of Cutting Parameters for Turning Al-SiC(10p) MMC Using ANOVA and Grey Relational Analysis

Radhakrishnan Ramanujam,Nambi Muthukrishnan,Ramasamy Raju 한국정밀공학회 2011 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

This paper presents the detailed experimental investigation on turning Aluminium Silicon Carbide particulate Metal Matrix Composite (Al-SiC –MMC) using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) 1600 grade insert. Experiments were carried out on medium duty lathe. A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, was performed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to investigate the machining characteristics of MMC (A356/10/SiCP). The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting speed, feed and depth of cut to the specific power and surface finish on the work piece. The optimum machining parameters were obtained by Grey relational analysis. Finally, confirmation test was performed to make a comparison between the experimental results and developed model and also tool wear analysis is studied.

Anatomic reconstruction for acromioclavicular joint injuries: a pilot study of a cost-effective new technique

Radhakrishnan Pattu,Girinivasan Chellamuthu,Kumar Sellappan,Chendrayan Kamalanathan 대한견주관절의학회 2021 대한견주관절의학회지 Vol.24 No.4

Background: The treatment for acromioclavicular joint injuries (ACJI) ranges from a conservative approach to extensive surgical reconstruction, and the decision on how to manage these injuries depends on the grade of acromioclavicular (AC) joint separation, resources, and skill availability. After a thorough review of the literature, the researchers adopted a simple cost-effective technique of AC joint reconstruction for acute ACJI requiring surgery. Methods: This was a prospective single-center study conducted between April 2017 and April 2018. For patients with acute ACJI more than Rockwood grade 3, the researchers performed open coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using synthetic sutures along with an Endobutton and a figure of 8 button plate. This was followed by AC ligament repair augmenting it with temporary percutaneous AC K-wires. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the Constant Murley shoulder score. Results: Seventeen patients underwent surgery. The immediate postoperative radiograph showed an anatomical reduction of the AC joint dislocation in all patients. During follow-up, one patient developed subluxation but was asymptomatic. The mean follow-up period was 30 months (range, 24–35 months). The mean Constant score at 24 months was 95. No AC joint degeneration was noted in follow-up X-rays. The follow-up X-rays showed significant infra-clavicular calcification in 11 of the 17 patients, which was an evidence of a healed coracoclavicular ligament post-surgery. Conclusions: This study presents a simple cost-effective technique with a short learning curve for anatomic reconstruction of acute ACJI. The preliminary results have been very encouraging.

Cross linked alginate gel beads as floating drug delivery system for cefdinir: optimization using Box–Behnken design

Radhakrishnan Praveen,Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Jerome Karippamattom George 한국약제학회 2015 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.45 No.2

Regional absorption of several drugs necessitatesthe continuous monitoring of the movement of dosageform through gastro-intestinal tract. Sometimes it isimportant to deliver the drug at a particular physiologicalregion of the gastrointestinal tract for better effects. Floating delivery system is a prominent approach to releasethe drug in the gastric fluid. The objective of present studywas to formulate, evaluate and optimize cefdinir loadedintra-gastric floating beads of sodium alginate. Floatingalginate beads were prepared by ionic gelation methodaccording to Box–Behnken design with three factors variedat three levels. Uniform beads buoyant up to 24 h wereformed with rough surface and porous internal structure. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,differential scanning calorimetry, thermo-gravimetricanalysis and powder x-ray diffractometry suggested anexcellent compatibility of drug with excipients and formulationprocess. The effect of selected independentvariables [amount of sodium alginate (X1), myristyl alcohol(X2) and cefdinir (X3) each at three levels] on thedependent variables [density (Y1), entrapment efficiency(Y2), time to release 20 % (Y3), cumulative percentage ofcefdinir released at 12th hour (Y4) and dissolution efficiency(Y5)] were studied using regression equations andresponse surface plots. The predicted and adjusted r² valueswere in reasonable agreement and the models weresignificant with p<0.05. Criteria were set for eachresponses and optimized formulation was preparedaccording to the software determined levels. The predictedand observed responses were in good agreement with lowpercent bias errors (<10 %), marking the validity of thedeveloped model. Thus, cefdinir loaded, extended release,intra-gastric floating gel beads of calcium alginate wereformulated and optimized.

Effect of low dose of spermidine on physiological changes in salt-stressed cucumber plants

Radhakrishnan, R.,Lee, I. J. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 Russian journal of plant physiology: a comprehensi Vol.61 No.1

Dilemma of gonial angle measurement: Panoramic radiograph or lateral cephalogram

Radhakrishnan, Pillai Devu,Varma, Nilambur Kovilakam Sapna,Ajith, Vallikat Velath Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology 2017 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.47 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of panoramic imaging in measuring the right and left gonial angles by comparing the measured angles with the angles determined using a lateral cephalogram of adult patients with class I malocclusion. Materials and Methods: The gonial angles of 50 class I malocclusion patients (25 males and 25 females; mean age: 23 years) were measured using both a lateral cephalogram and a panoramic radiograph. In the lateral cephalograms, the gonial angle was measured at the point of intersection of the ramus plane and the mandibular plane. In the panoramic radiographs, the gonial angle was measured by drawing a line tangent to the lower border of the mandible and another line tangent to the distal border of the ascending ramus and the condyle on both sides. The data obtained from both radiographs were statistically compared. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the gonial angle measured using the lateral cephalograms and that determined using the panoramic radiographs. Further, there was no statistically significant difference in the measured gonial angle with respect to gender. The results also showed a statistically insignificant difference in the mean of the right and the left gonial angles measured using the panoramic radiographs. Conclusion: As the gonial angle measurements using panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms showed no statistically significant difference, panoramic radiography can be considered in orthodontics for measuring the gonial angle without any interference due to superimposed images.

Existence Results for the Nonlinear First Order Fuzzy Neutral Integrodifferential Equations

Radhakrishnan, Bheeman,Nagarajan, Murugesan,Narayanamoorthy, Samayan Department of Mathematics 2013 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.53 No.1

In this paper, we devoted to study the existence and uniqueness of nonlinear fuzzy neutral integrodifferential equations. Moreover we study the fuzzy solution for the normal, convex, upper semicontinuous, and compactly supported interval fuzzy number. The results are obtained by using the Banach fixed-point theorem. An example is provided to illustrate the theory.

Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Plasmodium Falciparum Enoyl-acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (PfENR) : An In silico Study

Radhakrishnan Narayanaswamy, Lam Kok Wai, Intan Safinar Ismail 조선대학교 기초과학연구원 2017 조선자연과학논문집 Vol.10 No.1

Demand for a new anti-malarial drug has been dramatically increasing in the recent years. Plasmodium falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) plays a vital role in fatty acid elongation process, which now emerged as a new important target for the development of anti-microbial and anti-parasitic molecules. In the present study, 19 compounds namely alginic acid, atropine, chlorogenic acid, chrotacumine A & B, coenzyme Q1, 4-coumaric acid, curcumin, ellagic acid, embelin, 5-O-methyl embelin, eugenyl glucoside, glabridin, hyoscyamine, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, rohitukine, scopolamine, tlatlancuayin and ursolic acid were evaluated on their docking behaviour on P. falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) using Auto dock 4.2. The docking studies and binding free energy calculations exhibited that glabridin gave the highest binding energy (-8.07 kcal/mol) and 4-coumaric acid in contrast showed the least binding energy (-4.83 kcal/mol). All ligands except alginic acid, ellagic acid, hyoscyamine and glabridin interacted with Gln409 amino acid residue. Interestingly four ligands namely coenzyme Q1, 4-coumaric acid, embelin and 5-O-methyl embelin interacted with Gln409 amino acid residue present in both chains (A & B) of PfENR protein. Thus, the results of this present study exhibited the potential of these 19 ligands as P. falciparum enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (PfENR) inhibitory agents and also as anti-malarial agents.

Sustained delivery of cefdinir to upper gastrointestinal tract using calcium alginate beads: a formulation by design

Radhakrishnan Praveen,Sandeep Kumar Singh,Priya Ranjan Prasad Verma,Jerome Karippamattom George 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.6

The present research demonstrates the developmentand characterization of alginate based multiunitfloating dosage form for sustained delivery of cefdinir tothe upper gastrointestinal tract. The method involved ionicgelation of sodium alginate solution containing suspendeddrug and myristyl alcohol (release modifier and buoyancyregulator) by calcium ions followed by freeze drying. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differentialscanning calorimetry studies revealed that there were noincompatibilities between drug and excipients. The effectof various process variables; amount of sodium alginate,myristyl alcohol and cefdinir; on critical parameters likedrug loading, particle size and mean dissolution time(MDT) was modelled using Box–Behnken design andstudied using response surface plots and regression equations. The observed and predicted r2 values were inagreement in case of all the responses which marks thevalidity of developed model. The particle size, drug loadingand MDT were found to be strongly dependent on thevariables studied. The beads showed high drug loading upto 65.41 % and extended drug release up to 24 h in 0.1 Nhydrochloric acid. The beads exhibited 100 % buoyancywithout any lag time up to 24 h despite of the high drugloading. The mechanism of drug release was found to beFickian diffusion.

Parental Effects on Nutritional and Antioxidants Constituents in Seeds of Peanut cv. Boreom 1

Radhakrishnan, Ramalingam,Pae, Suk-Bok,Kang, Sang-Mo,Lee, In-Jung,Baek, In-Youl 한국작물학회 2014 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.17 No.1

In spite of the importance of parental inheritance effects, many aspects remain inadequately explained. The objective of this study was to explore parental effects on their progeny by estimating the variability of nutritional content in peanut seeds. The peanut cv. Boreom 1 was derived from Suwon 108 (female) and Milyang 4 (male). Protein and amino acid analyses revealed that male and female parent influences on protein, Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Ala, Cys, Val, Met, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, and Arg content in their progeny. The oil and fatty acid composition (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C20:0, C20:1, and C22:0) of the progeny were controlled by both parental types. The synergistic interaction of female and male parental genes was also shown on sucrose and stachiyose content, while paternal effect was found on raffinose in their progeny. The antioxidant activity, daidzin, glycitin, genistin, mal-glycitin, maldaidzin, mal-genistin, and daidzein content of Boreom 1 were significantly correlated with those secondary metabolites of female parent. Our results documented that both parental genes differentially influenced on nutritional composition of their progeny, Boreom 1. This biochemical evidence of parental effects would be support to identify the suitable cultivars to improve the crop breeding.