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Han, J. Y.,Chung, J.,Kim, J.,Seo, E. Y.,Kilcrease, J. P.,Bauchan, G. R.,Lim, S.,Hammond, J.,Lim, H. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Virus genes Vol.52 No.4
<P>In 2014, we performed a nationwide survey in Korean radish fields to investigate the distribution and variability of Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV). Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis sap-inoculated with three isolates of TuMV from infected radish tissue showed different symptom severities, whereas symptoms in Raphanus sativus were similar for each isolate. The helper component-protease (HC-Pro) genes of each isolate were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis showed that the three Korean isolates were clustered into the basal-BR group. The HC-Pro proteins of these isolates were tested for their RNA silencing suppressor (VSR) activity and subcellular localization in Nicotiana benthamiana. A VSR assay by co-agroinfiltration of HC-Pro with soluble-modified GFP (smGFP) showed that HC-Pro of isolate R007 and R041 showed stronger VSR activity than R065. The HC-Pros showed 98.25 % amino acid identity, and weak VSR isolate (R065) has a single variant residue in the C-terminal domain associated with protease activity and self-interaction compared to isolates with strong VSR activity. Formation of large subcellular aggregates of GFP: HC-Pro fusion proteins in N. benthamiana was only observed for HC-Pro from isolates with strong VSR activity, suggesting that R065 'weak' HC-Pro may have diminished self-association; substitution of the variant C-terminal residue largely reversed the HC-Pro aggregation and silencing suppressor characteristics. The lack of correlation between VSR efficiency and induction of systemic necrosis (SN) suggests that differences in viral accumulation due to HC-Pro are not responsible for SN.</P>
Kim, G.,Jeong, A.R.,Jo, W.,Park, D.Y.,Cheong, H.,Tsukada, A.,Hammond, R.H.,Beasley, M.R. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2010 Progress in superconductivity Vol.11 No.2
Phase stability diagram and boundary of a- and c-axis orientation of $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ (SmBCO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were reported with studies based on x-ray diffraction [1]. Four different samples are systematically analyzed: normal c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$, a-axis oriented $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$, c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ with $Sm_2BaCuO_5$ phase, and a mixture with c-axis oriented orthorhombic $SmBa_2Cu_3O_{7-y}$ and anomalously long-c tetragonal $SmBa_2Cu_3O_x$. Raman scattering spectroscopy equipped with polarization analysis elucidates the crystal orientation and the origin of the growth of the materials. It indicates that the technique can be used for quality control of conductor manufacturing processes as well as for enhancement of the materials properties.
Lee, E.,Yoon, H.R.,Jo, W.,Yoon, S.,Cheong, H.,Lee, H.G.,Hong, G.W.,Huh, J.U.,Hammond, R.H.,Beasley, M.R. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.17 No.2
<P>We present results of Raman scattering studies of superconducting YBa<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>7-x</SUB> (YBCO) films grown by a high-rate electron-beam co-evaporation method. It is shown by X-ray diffraction that the as-grown YBCO films have a highly c-axis oriented and in-plane aligned texture. Raman scattering measurements were used to study optical phonon modes, oxygen content and second phases of the YBCO coated conductors. Raman spectra of YBCO films with lower-transport properties exhibit additional phonon modes at ~ 300 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, ~ 600 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, and ~ 630 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, which are related to second-phases such as Ba<SUB>2</SUB>Cu<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>5.9</SUB> and BaCuO<SUB>2</SUB>. We also performed micro-Raman scattering measurements, which enable the local characterization of the material over a few micrometer scales. We could clearly determine the chemical homogeneities of the films on which we could not have information using XRD. Our results strongly suggest that micro-Raman scattering can be a very effective tool for characterizing structural and chemical properties, which is essential for optimizing growth conditions.</P>
조윌렴,G. Kim,정아름,D. Y. Park,H. Cheong,A. Tsukada,R. H. Hammond,M. R. Beasley 한국초전도학회 2010 Progress in superconductivity Vol.11 No.2
Phase stability diagram and boundary of a- and c-axis orientation of SmBa2Cu3O7-y (SmBCO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were reported with studies based on x-ray diffraction [1]. Four different samples are systematically analyzed: normal c-axis oriented orthorhombic SmBa2Cu3O7-y, a-axis oriented SmBa2Cu3O7-y, c-axis oriented orthorhombic SmBa2Cu3O7-y with Sm2BaCuO5 phase, and a mixture with c-axis oriented orthorhombic SmBa2Cu3O7-y and anomalously long-c tetragonal SmBa2Cu3Ox. Raman scattering spectroscopy equipped with polarization analysis elucidates the crystal orientation and the origin of the growth of the materials. It indicates that the technique can be used for quality control of conductor manufacturing processes as well as for enhancement of the materials properties.
In-situ electron beam growth of $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ coated conductors on metal substrates
Jo, W.,Ohnishi, T.,Huh, J.,Hammond, R.H.,Beasley, M.R. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2007 Progress in superconductivity Vol.8 No.2
High temperature superconductor $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$ (YBCO) films have been grown by in-situ electron beam evaporation on artificial metal tapes such as ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) and rolling assisted biaxially textured substrates (RABiTS). Deposition rate of the YBCO films is $10{\sim}100{\AA}/sec$. X-ray diffraction shows that the films are grown epitaxially but have inter-diffusion phases, like as $BaZrO_3\;or\;BaCeO_3$, at their interfaces between YBCO and yttrium-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) or $CeO_2$, respectively. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy depth profile of the films confirms diffused region between YBCO and the buffer layers, indicating that the growth temperature ($850{\sim}900^{\circ}C$) is high enough to cause diffusion of Zr and Ba. The films on both the substrates show four-fold symmetry of in-plane alignment but their width in the -scan is around $12{\sim}15^{\circ}$. Transmission electron microscopy shows an interesting interface layer of epitaxial CuO between YBCO and YSZ, of which growth origin may be related to liquid flukes of Ba-Cu-O. Resistivity vs temperature curves of the films on both substrates were measured. Resistivity at room temperature is between 300 and 500 cm, the extrapolated value of resistivity at 0 K is nearly zero, and superconducting transition temperature is $85{\sim}90K$. However, critical current density of the films is very low, ${\sim}10^3A/cm^2$. Cracking of the grains and high-growth-temperature induced reaction between YBCO and buffer layers are possible reasons for this low critical current density.