클렌부테롤 경피흡수제제의 개발

최한곤,권기철,정시영,이종달,용철순 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2001 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

The advantages of transdermal administration are avoiding hepatic first pass effect, minimizing inter- and intra-patient variation, maintaining steady-state plasma level to provide long-term therapy from a single dose, and allowing a rapid termination of drug input. Clenbuterol, a selective B_(2)-adrenergic receptor stimulant, has been introduced as a polent bronchodilator for patients with bronchial asthma, asthma, chronic obstructive bronchial disease. For the development of transdennal systems containing clenbuterol, two limiting factors ? long lag time and low flux - must be overcome. In this studym we altempted to select optimal formulation for preparation of clenbuterol patch using hairless mouse skin and flow-through diffusion cell. The flux of clenbuterol increased as the percent of clenbuterol dose dependently in the concentration range of 5-15%. Based on this result, we fixed the concentration of clenbuterol as 15%. The effect of various penetration enhancers on percutaneous absorption of clenbuterol through hairless mouse skin was investigated. Labrafil was the most effective enhancer, which increased the permeability of clenbuterol approximately 4-fold compared with the control without penetration enhancer. Optimal enhancer concentration was 3%. The effect of various adhesives on penetration of elenbuterol was also investigated. Among the adhesives studied, MA-31 was the most effective adhesive. Futhermore, the clenbuterol patch composed of 15% clenbuterol. 3% Labrafil and 82% MA-31, which gave most excellent penetration of drug in in vitro penetration study, maintained therapeutic plasma levelsin in vivo study using S.D. rats. These studies demonstrated a good feasibility of clenbuterol administration through the intact skin using a transdermal patch, and show a possibility of the development of clenbuterol patches.

프레탈^(R)정(실로스타졸 50mg)에 대한 실로졸^(R)정의 생물학적 동등성

최한곤,권기철,이승호,김학미,박병주,유봉규,이종달,이경희,하정희,우종수,박인숙,최진석,용철순 한국병원약사회 2003 병원약사회지 Vol.20 No.1

Bioequivalence of two cilostazol tablets, the Pletaal^(R)(Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the Cilozol^(R)(Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.), was evaluated according to the guideline of KFDA, Sixteen normal male volunteers(age 20~29 years old) were divided into two groups and a randomized 22 cross-over study was employed. After two tablets containing 50㎎ of cilostazol were orally administered. blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentration of cilostazol in plasma was determined with an HPLC method using UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters(C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t)) were calculated and ANOVA was utilized for the statistical analysis of parameters. The results showed that the differences in C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) between two tablets were 4.99%, 1.74% and 7.68%, respectively. The powers(1-β) for C_(max), T_(max) and AUC_(t) were83.92%, 80.12% and 85.03%, respectively. Detectable differences(Δ) and confidence intervals were all less than 20%, and confidence interval of all the parameters were also less than 20% at the significance level(α) of 0.05. All of these parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cilozol^(R) tablet is bioequivalent to Pletaal^(R) tablet.

프로스타글란딘 E₁ 요도좌제의 제조 및 평가

김종오,권기철,이종달,최한곤,용철순 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2000 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of this work is to develop a transurethral suppository containing prostaglandin E₁(PGE₁), which stabilizes the drug, gives no irritation to physiological body and enhances the erectile response of PGE₁. PGE₁ transurethral suppositories were prepared with various amounts of compositions such as saturated polyglycolysed glyceride(Suppocire^(?) AP, SAP), polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-50) and ethanol. The melting points, viscosities and PGE₁ release of the suppositories were investigated. Ocular irritation test was carried out after application of PGE₁ suppository to rabbit's eye. The intracavemous pressure(ICP), penile length and duration of erectile response were determined after transurethral administration of PGE₁ suppository and compared with those after intracavemosal injection of PGE₁ solution to cats. HCO-50 hardly affected the melting points and viscosities of PGE₁ suppositories. Additionally, PGE₁ transurethral suppositories, whose melting point ranges was 34-35℃, was speedily melted in physiological body. HCO-50 significantly decreased the dissolution rates of PGE₁ from the suppositories. Dissolution mechanism analysis showed the release of PGE₁ was pro-portional to the square root of time, indicating that PGE₁ might be released from the suppositories by Fickian diffusion. The release rate of PGE₁ from PGE₁ suppository [PGE₁/SAP/HCO-50/ethanol (1/94.5/2.5/2%)] was about 80% within 2h. This PGE₁ suppository gave no irritation to the urethral tissue less sensive than ocular tissue. Furthermore, PGE₁ in this suppository was stable at 4℃ for 2 years. This suppository increased the ICP and penile erection similar to those of injuctable PGE₁ solution. However, it gave 2.5-fold increased dura-tion of erectile response than injectable PGE₁ solution. Our results suggested that it gave more effective erectile response than injectable PGE₁ solution in cats. It is concluded that this PGE₁ suppository with good safety, excellent stability and enhanced erectile response, could be a more effective and convenient transurethal delivery system of PGE₁.

헬리코박터 파이로리 균 진단용 ^13C-요소 캅셀의 개발

용철순,김용일,김지만,강성훈,권기철,이종달,김종국,사홍기,최한곤 한국약제학회 2002 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.32 No.1

The purpose of this study was to develop a new ^13C-urea- containing capsule for diagnosis of H. pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, ^13C-urea breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [^13C-urea/PEG/citric acid (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value, about 16 at 20 mim, while the formula composed of only 38 mg ^13C-urea had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the sensitivity of ^13C-urea in the human volunteers. The capsule [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and 37℃. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable preparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

헬리코박터 파이로리 균 진단용 ^13C-요소 캅셀의 개발

용철순,김용일,김지만,강성훈,권기철,이종달,김종국,사홍기,최한곤 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2002 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study was to develop a new ^13C-urea-containing capsule for diagnosis of H.pylori. The urea-containing capsules were prepared with various diluents such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), microcrystaline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate and citric acid. The dissolution test, ^13C-urea breath test and stability test were then performed on the capsules. Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium lauryl sulfate retarded the initial dissolution rates of urea. However, PEG increased the initial dissolution rates of urea. Furthermore, two formulae composed of PEG,[^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] and [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9/1.9 mg/cap)] had the maximum DOB value. about 16 at 20 min, while the formula composed of only 38 mg ^13C-urea had the maximum DOB value at 30 min. The results indicated that PEG improved the sensitivity of ^13C-urea in the human volunteers. The capsule [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] was stable for at least six months in 25 and 37℃. Thus, a PEG-containing capsule, [^13C-urea/PEG (38/1.9 mg/cap)] would be a more economical, sensitive and stable perparation for diagnosis of H. pylori.

후야(HUYA) 라이브의 MOBA게임 개인방송 크리에이터 속성이 시청자의 기부행위에 미치는 영향 -자기 정체성을 매개 변인으로-

한기홍 ( Han Qi-hong ),김종무 ( Kim Jong-moo ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회 2022 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.78 No.-

본 연구에서는 중국의 e스포츠 게임 스트리밍 플랫폼인 후야(HUYA : 虎牙) 라이브 내 멀티플레이어 온라인 배틀 아레나(MOBA)게임 개인방송 크리에이터 속성이 시청자 기부행위에 미치는 영향과 크리에이터 속성이 시청자기부행위에 미치는 영향에서 자기 정체성이 매개 변인으로서 어떠한 효과를 할 것인지를 분석 하였다. 이를 위해 중국 후야 라이브에서 MOBA 게임을 시청하는 400명의 사용자를 대상으로 설문을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, MOBA 게임 크리에이터 속성은 ‘전문성’, ‘매력성’, ‘친근감’과 ‘예능감’ 요인으로 나타났다. 둘째, MOBA 게임 크리에이터 속성이 ‘기부’ 행위에 미치는 영향 관계를 살펴본 결과 ‘전문성’, ‘매력성’, ‘친근감’과 ‘예능감’ 요인이 ‘기부’ 행위에 정(+)의 영향력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 자기 정체성은 MOBA 게임 크리에이터 속성과 ‘기부’ 행위의 관계에서 부분매개역할을 하였다. 본 연구결과는 중국 MOBA 인터넷 개인방송 크리에이터 속성과 인터넷 개인방송 방송 콘텐츠와 형식을 이해하는데 자료가 될 것이다. This study analyzed what role self identity will play as parameter in relation to the influence that the personal broadcast creator attributes of MOBA(Multiplayer Online Battle Arena) in HUYA(虎牙) Live’s, the China e-sports game streaming platform has on viewers’ donation act. To this end, question paper was given to 400 users who view MOBA game in China HUYA Live. According to the analysis, first, the creator attributes of MOBA game were found to be factors such as ‘expertise’, ‘attraction’, ‘familiarity’ and ‘artistic talent’. Second, checking the influence that creator attributes of MOBA game have on ‘donation’ act, it was found that ‘expertise’, ‘attraction’, ‘familiarity’ and ‘artistic talent’ factors have positive(+) influence on ‘donation’ act. Third, self identity played partial mediation role in the relation of MOBA game creator attributes and ‘donation’ act. The result of this study will be materials in understanding creator attributes of China MOBA Internet personal broadcast and Internet personal broadcast & broadcast contents & form.

Molecular Cloning, Expression and Characterizaion of Heat Shock Protein Gene from Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1

Liu Ya Qi,Nam Sook Park,Han Seok Kang,Seon Ku Kim,Yong Gyun Kim,Byung Uuk Cho,Teak Soon Shin,Keun Ki Kim,Hyun Chul Park,Hong Joo Son,Hong Gu Lee,Sang Mong Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

In this study, a full-length heat shock protein88 complementary DNA (cDNA) of Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 was obtained by screening of P. tenuipesJocheon-1 Uni-Zap cDNA library and 5' RACE polymerase chain reaction. The Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1 heat shock protein88 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2,139 bp encoding 713 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 cDNA showed 77% identity to N. haematococca HSP88 and 45-76% identity to other fungi HSP88. Phylogenetic analysis and BLAST program analysis confirmed that the deduced amino acid sequences of the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 gene belonged to the ascomycetes group within the fungal clade and P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 also contains the conserved ATPase domain at the N-terminal. The cDNA encoding P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 was expressed as a 88 kDa polypeptide in baculovirus-infected insect Sf9 cells. Under different stress conditions, mRNA expression of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 were quantified by real-time PCR and the result showed that heat shock stress affected the mRNA expression levels of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88.

Decreased Expression of LKB1 Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy

Huang, Yue-Han,Chen, Zhen-Kun,Huang, Ka-Te,Li, Peng,He, Bin,Guo, Xu,Zhong, Jun-Qiao,Zhang, Qi-Yu,Shi, Hong-Qi,Song, Qi-Tong,Yu, Zheng-Ping,Shan, Yun-Feng Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.3

Aim: To study any correlation of LKB1 expression with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases. Methods: A total of 70 HCC patients and 20 primary intrahepatic stone patients in the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical College were enrolled in this study. LKB1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. Patients were followed-up and prognostic factors were evaluated. Result: LKB1 expression was decreased in the HCC samples. Loss of LKB1 expression in HCC was significantly related to histologic grade (P=0.010), vascular invasion (P=0.025) and TMN stage (P=0.011). Patients showing negative LKB1 expression had a significantly shorter disease-free and overall survival than those with positive expression (P = 0.001, P=0.000, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that LKB1 expression level was an independent factor of survival (P = 0.033). Conclusion: HCC patients with decreased expression LKB1 have a poor prognosis. The loss of LKB1 expression is correlated with a lower survival rate.

Genomic Structure of the Heat Shock Protein88 genes of Paecilomyces tenuipes Jocheon-1, Paecilomyces tenuipes, Cordyceps militaris & Cordycepspruinosa

Liu Ya Qi,Nam Sook Park,Han Seok Kang,Seon Ku Kim,Yong Gyun Kim,Byung Uuk Cho,Teak Soon Shin,Keun Ki Kim,Hyun Chul Park,Hong Joo Son,Hong Gu Lee,Sang Mong Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

The genomic structure and phylogenetic relationships of HSP88 genes from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes, C. militaris and C. pruinosa are described. The HSP88 genomic DNA from P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes and C. militaris all contain 5 introns and 6 exons with the length of 13, 62, 32, 1438, 306, 288 bp, encoding 713 amino acid residues. C. pruinosa HSP88 genomic DNA contains 4 introns and 5 exons encoding 713 amino acids. The length of each exon of C. pruinosa HSP88 is 13, 62, 32, 1744, 288 bp and the length of exon 4 is identical to the total length of exon 4 and exon 5 of HSP88 of P. tenuipes Jochoen-1, P. tenuipes, and C. militaris. The deduced amino acid sequence of P. tenuipes Jocheon-1 HSP88 showed 99% identity with the P. tenuipes, 97% identity with the Cordyceps militaris, and 98% identity with the C. pruinosa. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the P. tenuipes Jocheon-1, P. tenuipes, C. militaris and C. pruinosa HSP88 are placed together within the ascomycetes group of fungal clade.

Overview of insect biodiversity in the Northeast China:Lepidoptera

Mu-jie Qi,Hui-lin Han,Yang-Seop Bae 한국응용곤충학회 2010 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.10

The Northeast of China, which covers an area of 124'1400 km2, comprises HeiLongjiang, JiLin, LiaoNing province, and northeast of inner Mongolian. The annual mean temperature is 5 centigrade below zero in the north, and 10 centigrade above zero in the south. The annual precipitation range from 300 mm to 1200 mm. Moreover, northeast China is an important forest area in China, and hundreds of forest disease and pests occurred every year. Among these pests, the Lepidoptera account for a big part, accordingly, the research on diversity of Lepidoptera is the basis of taxonomy and pests control. According to 「List of Chinese Insects」(Hua, 2005), there are about 20,692 species in China, and 2,934 in Northeast China, for instance, Noctuidae 1,400 spp. (Hua, 2005), Notodontidae 128 spp. (Hua, 2005), Tortricidae 267 spp. (Hua, 2005), Pyralidae 146 spp. (Hua, 2005), Geometridae 233 spp. (Zheng, 1999), Hesperiidae 54 spp. (Zhou, 2000), Parnassiidae 32 spp. (Zhou, 2000), Papilionidae 26 spp. (Zhou, 2000), Pieridae 59 spp. (Wang, 1998), Nymphalidae 188 spp. (Zhou, 2000), Lycaenidae 150 spp., etc. (Wang, 2002).